Akhmad Munib Siroj
Institut Studi Islam Muhamamdiyah Pacitan

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Patterns of Action in Early Marriage: A Literature Review from Religious and Systems Theory Perspective Akhmad Munib Siroj; Hanum Salsabila Arzhamalieva
JIIS - Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies
Publisher : Institut Studi Islam Muhammadiyah Pacitan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52640/jiis.140

Abstract

Early marriage remains a complex social phenomenon influenced by cultural traditions, religious values, economic conditions, and social structures. This study aims to analyze the patterns of action underlying early marriage practices through the perspectives of social action theory, systems theory, and religion. The research employed a qualitative literature review method by analyzing scientific publications, books, journal articles, and research reports obtained from reputable databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. A total of 52 relevant sources published between 2015 and 2025 were selected through screening and thematic classification processes. The findings indicate that early marriage is predominantly driven by non-rational social actions, particularly affective and traditional actions shaped by emotions, customs, and social pressures. However, religion also functions as a form of value-oriented rationality, where marriage is viewed as a moral effort to avoid deviant behavior and preserve social values. From the perspective of Talcott Parsons’ systems theory, early marriage represents a mechanism of social adaptation, integration, goal attainment, and cultural maintenance within society. Meanwhile, Niklas Luhmann’s General Systems Theory explains that family systems create internal communication boundaries and agreements that legitimize early marriage practices. This study contributes theoretically by integrating social action theory, systems theory, and religious perspectives into a comprehensive framework for understanding early marriage as both an individual and systemic social phenomenon. The study recommends strengthening educational access, reproductive health literacy, and contextual religious understanding to reduce the prevalence of early marriage in contemporary society.
Strengthening Harmony in The Midst of The Rapid Advancement of Information Technology Akhmad Munib Siroj; Yogi Iqram Sibuea; Gavin Garviano
AT-TAJDID: Journal of Islamic Education Vol 2 No 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Institut Studi Islam Muhammadiyah Pacitan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52640/attajdid.242

Abstract

Indonesia is a pluralistic country in many aspects, including race, ethnicity, regional languages, customs, and religion. To manage this diversity in terms of ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup relations (SARA), the government frames it within the format of religious harmony, which is defined as "... the state of relationships among religious communities based on tolerance, mutual understanding, mutual respect, appreciation of equality in practicing their religious teachings, and cooperation in social, national, and state life within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia." Since religious harmony is a state of being, it is dynamic and influenced by its ability to adapt to social changes in society, including shifts in social structures that encompass patterns of social relationships, social norms, and social roles. Social changes vary not only in terms of degree but also in scale and scope. The development of technology, particularly information technology, has brought significant changes to social behavior. The rapid growth of information technology has altered old social patterns and structures. This change is marked by shifts in interaction patterns, lifestyles, behaviors, perspectives, ways of living, and social orientations. It is worth exploring how we (especially religious leaders) can strive to maintain religious harmony amidst the rapid advancement of information technology. The research method used in this study will be literature research. This literature research will focus on textbook analysis. The research will involve a comprehensive analysis of works discussing the relationship between information technology and religion. The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has accelerated social changes in various fields. An important phenomenon to observe is the fading of values, including religious, cultural, and national values. Society tends to neglect moral values when engaging in social media, focusing instead on what can go viral and generate profit. It is imperative for religious leaders to enter the digital technology realm to carry out their sacred role of delivering messages of morality and goodness, ensuring that religious harmony remains strong. In this context, it is important to involve and provide space for the younger generation to play a role.