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All Journal International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense
Alok Shukla
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Mathematics Physics

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The least squares concept in reducing noisy signal of single-beam acoustic systems: Ocean depth measurement to support maritime defense systems Annisa Risda Alivia; Syasya Qonita Azizah; Alok Shukla
International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for Nati
Publisher : FoundAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/app.sci.def.v3i3.643

Abstract

Indonesia's vast ocean territory presents both opportunities and security challenges, requiring robust maritime defense. Effective sea defense includes surface patrols with naval vessels and aircraft, alongside underwater surveillance using submarines and detection systems. Advanced acoustic technology, such as Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) sonar, is essential for underwater depth measurement. However, environmental noise often disrupts sonar recordings, necessitating noise reduction techniques. This study applies the Least Mean Square (LMS) filter, an adaptive algorithm that adjusts filter coefficients based on error minimization. Its real-time adaptability enhances noise suppression, improving sonar signal quality. The results indicate that the LMS filter achieves an optimal Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 6.7248 dB, surpassing other methods. Furthermore, it accurately identifies signal delays, crucial for precise depth measurement. Enhancing underwater acoustic technology through LMS filtering supports improved hydrographic surveys, benefiting scientific research, commercial navigation, and military operations in securing Indonesia’s maritime domain.
Weighted graph-based tsunami evacuation route optimization for enhancing disaster resilience in Yogyakarta International Airport Djoko Heksa Purnomo; Damaris Easter Nugrahita Christi; Alok Shukla; Dian Anggraini
International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for Nati
Publisher : FoundAE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58524/app.sci.def.v4i2.1096

Abstract

Background: Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) is located on the southern coast of Java Island, which is prone to tsunamis due to tectonic plate subduction. The high passenger density in the terminal requires a fast, safe, and efficient evacuation system. However, evacuation route planning is generally still based on the shortest distance without considering passenger density, which has the potential to cause congestion during emergencies. Aims: This study aims to develop a tsunami evacuation route optimization model on the ground floor of YIA by simultaneously considering distance and passenger density factors through a weighted graph approach and the artificial bee colony metaheuristic algorithm. Method: Spatial data of the terminal layout is processed into a graph consisting of nodes and edges using QGIS. Edge weights are calculated from a combination of physical distance and passenger density. The optimization process is carried out using the ABC algorithm through the stages of population initialization, fitness evaluation, solution exploration, and selection of the best route to determine the minimum evacuation route from several starting points to the exit point. Result: The optimization results show that all ten initial evacuation points were efficiently allocated to six exit points with a minimum total weight. The resulting routes are not only shorter in terms of distance, but also avoid high-density areas, resulting in a more even distribution of passenger flow and reduced potential for congestion. Point EG was identified as the most optimal route based on a combination of distance and low density. Conclusion: The weighted graph approach based on artificial bee colony is effective in determining fast and adaptive tsunami evacuation routes in large-scale public facilities. This model has the potential to support more realistic disaster mitigation planning and can be applied to airports and other public infrastructure.
Co-Authors Annisa Risda Alivia Damaris Easter Nugrahita Christi Dian Anggraini Djoko Heksa Purnomo Syasya Qonita Azizah