<![CDATA[Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya fenomena intoleransi, radikalisme, dan disintegrasi sosial di masyarakat Indonesia yang turut memengaruhi dunia pendidikan dan kehidupan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan representasi sikap moderat dalam novel-novel Ahmad Tohari serta menjelaskan dimensi sosiologis yang melatarbelakangi kemunculan representasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kajian sosiologi sastra Ian Watt yang menekankan pada tiga aspek: latar belakang sosial pengarang, sastra sebagai cermin masyarakat, dan fungsi sosial sastra. Sumber data berupa novel Kubah, Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, Orang-orang Proyek, Bekisar Merah, Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak, dan Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dan analisis dokumen, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles & Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel-novel Ahmad Tohari merepresentasikan tiga indikator utama sikap moderat, yaitu: (1) keseimbangan (tawazun) antara tradisi dan modernitas serta antara hak individu dan kepentingan kolektif; (2) toleransi (tasamuh) dalam bentuk penghormatan terhadap perbedaan keyakinan dan budaya tanpa kehilangan identitas; serta (3) anti-kekerasan (la ‘unf) yang ditunjukkan melalui resistensi tokoh terhadap tindakan anarkis dan pemaksaan kehendak. Representasi sikap moderat tersebut tidak terlepas dari latar belakang sosial budaya Ahmad Tohari sebagai pengarang yang tumbuh dalam tradisi pesantren dan masyarakat agraris Banyumas yang menjunjung tinggi nilai musyawarah dan keterbukaan. Simpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa novel-novel Ahmad Tohari dapat berfungsi sebagai medium penanaman wawasan kebangsaan dan sikap moderat sehingga layak dijadikan bahan ajar sastra di sekolah maupun perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya eksplorasi lebih lanjut mengenai implementasi nilai-nilai moderat dari karya sastra ke dalam model pembelajaran berbasis karakter. Representation of Moderate Attitudes in Ahmad Tohari's Novels: A Sociological Study of Literature This research is motivated by the increasing phenomenon of intolerance, radicalism, and social disintegration in Indonesian society, which also affects the world of education and cultural life. This study aims to describe the representation of moderate attitudes in Ahmad Tohari's novels and explain the sociological dimensions behind the emergence of these representations. This study uses a qualitative approach with Ian Watt's sociological study method of literature that emphasizes three aspects: the author's social background, literature as a reflection of society, and the social function of literature. Data sources are the novels Kubah, Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk, Orang-orang Proyek, Bekisar Merah, Di Kaki Bukit Cibalak, and Lingkar Tanah Lingkar Air. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies and document analysis, while data analysis techniques use the Miles & Huberman interactive analysis model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that Ahmad Tohari's novels represent three main indicators of a moderate attitude: (1) balance (tawazun) between tradition and modernity, and between individual rights and collective interests; (2) tolerance (tasamuh) in the form of respect for differences in beliefs and cultures without losing identity; and (3) non-violence (la 'unf), demonstrated through the characters' resistance to anarchic actions and coercion. This representation of a moderate attitude is inseparable from Ahmad Tohari's socio-cultural background as an author who grew up in the Islamic boarding school tradition and the Banyumas agrarian society that upholds the values of deliberation and openness. The conclusion of this study confirms that Ahmad Tohari's novels can function as a medium for cultivating national insight and a moderate attitude, making them suitable as literature teaching materials in schools and universities. This study recommends the need for further exploration of the implementation of moderate values from literary works into character-based learning models.]]>
