Yohanes Parapat
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Periago Jakarta

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Servant, Transformational, dan Situational Leadership dalam Narasi Musa: Implikasi Teologis-Praktis bagi Kepemimpinan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia Dirk Antonio Wangke; Yohanes Parapat
Coram Mundo: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Oktober : Coram Mundo : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/corammundo.v7i2.656

Abstract

This article examines Moses’ leadership narrative from his divine appointment to the post-succession phase through the lenses of servant, transformational, and situational leadership. Using a qualitative narrative approach and thematic analysis, the study explores selected texts in Exodus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy to identify leadership patterns that are theologically grounded and practically relevant for churches in Indonesia. The findings show that Moses’ leadership integrates service and empowerment, vision and transformation, as well as contextual adaptation and succession preparation. Moses’ delegation in Exodus 18 reflects servant leadership that distributes responsibility and forms accountable structures. His call in Exodus 3 represents transformational leadership that shapes collective identity and mobilizes hope. His response to conflict and his public commissioning of Joshua demonstrate situational leadership and responsible succession. The article argues that Moses’ leadership offers a theological-practical model for Indonesian churches seeking leadership that is participatory, visionary, adaptive, and regenerative. This model is especially relevant amid plural social contexts, intergenerational transitions, organizational complexity, and the need for ecclesial accountability.
Dari Mistisisme Ibadah Menuju Rational Soul: Pembacaan Teologis Yohanes 4:24 dalam Konteks Pentakostal-Karismatik Rully Simorangkir; Yohanes Parapat
DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Vol 11, No 1 (2026): Oktober 2026 (In Progress)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Intheos Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30648/dun.v11i1.2454

Abstract

Abstract. Drawing on John 4:24, this study provides a theological reading for Pentecostal-Charismatic contexts that sometimes constrict worship “in spirit and truth” to mystical experience, mere emotional intensity, or speaking in tongues. We argue that Jesus' statement doesn't replace the affective and charismatic dimensions of worship but makes them part of an inseparably united spirit and truth. The study uses a qualitative, biblical-theological, and contextual-hermeneutical methodology, with John 4:24 as the central text and John 14:26 (pneumatically) as a supporting text. This article proposes the "rational soul" as a more constructive model for biblically based worship: a theological-pedagogical framework concerning the Spirit-renewed soul of the believer—shaped by Scripture—that is capable of recalling a body of Christ-centered teachings, inclined to discern authentic spiritual experiences, and ultimately able to embody those truths in concrete obedience.Abstrak. Kajian ini menawarkan pembacaan teologis atas Yohanes 4:24 dalam konteks Pentakostal-Karismatik, yang ketika penyembahan “dalam roh dan kebenaran” sering kali dipersempit sebatas pengalaman mistis, intensitas emosional, atau bahasa roh. Penulis berargumen bahwa pernyataan Yesus tidak meniadakan dimensi afektif dan karismatik dalam penyembahan, tetapi menempatkannya dalam kesatuan yang tidak terpisahkan antara roh dan kebenaran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif teologis-biblika dan hermeneutik kontekstual, dengan Yohanes 4:24 sebagai teks utama dan Yohanes 14:26 sebagai teks pendukung pneumatologis. Artikel ini menawarkan rational soul sebagai model yang lebih konstruktif untuk ibadah yang berlandaskan Alkitab: suatu bangunan teologis-pedagogis sehubungan dengan jiwa yang diperbarui oleh Roh dalam diri orang percaya yang dibentuk melalui Kitab Suci; mampu mengingat rangkaian ajaran yang berpusat pada Kristus, tersirat dalam kecenderungan untuk menguji pengalaman-pengalaman spiritual yang benar, dan pada akhirnya mewujudkan kebenaran-kebenaran itu dalam ketaatan yang konkret.