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All Journal Global Medical and Health Communication
Lelly Yuniarti
Department of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung

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The Efficacy of PEGylated Nanocarrier Extract of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. sunti Valeton) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Combination on Fasting Blood Glucose and HbA1c Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Model Rats Widayanti; Eka Hendryanny; Lelly Yuniarti
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): Accredited Sinta 2
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v13i3.8778

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major global public health problem due to its serious complications. In addition to standard pharmacological therapy, herbal-based interventions are increasingly explored as complementary approaches to improve glycemic control. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a PEGylated nanocarrier extract combining red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. sunti Valeton) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in a diabetes mellitus rat model. An experimental randomized controlled study was conducted from May to August 2024 at the Pharmacy Laboratory of Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, and the Food and Nutrition Laboratory of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Experimental rats were randomly allocated into six groups: a healthy control group, a negative control group, a positive control group receiving glibenclamide (0.45 mg/kg body weight) and simvastatin (0.9 mg/kg body weight), and three treatment groups administered the PEGylated nanocarrier ginger lemongrass extract orally at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg body weight/day. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a GOD-PAP method, while HbA1c levels were assessed by immunoassay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc testing. The results demonstrated that the treatment group receiving 80 mg/kg body weight/day showed the most significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (172.44±4.49 mg/dl) and HbA1c (3.79±0.15%). These reductions were statistically significant compared with the control groups (p<0.001). In conclusion, the PEGylated nanocarrier combination of red ginger and lemongrass significantly improved glycemic parameters in diabetic rats. This formulation may represent a potential complementary strategy for glycemic control, supporting further investigation in mechanistic and translational studies before clinical application.
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Profiling for Quinolinone Alkaloids and Phenolic Metabolites in a Bioactive Fraction of Indonesian Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Tuber Extract Eka Hendryanny; Widayanti; Lelly Yuniarti
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): Accredited Sinta 2
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v13i3.8796

Abstract

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a functional tuber rich in fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds, and diverse secondary metabolites with potential health-promoting properties. Despite its increasing use, the comprehensive characterization of its bioactive constituents, particularly those derived from plants cultivated in Indonesia, remains limited. This study aims to identify and characterize the major bioactive components of ethanolic yacon tuber extract using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This descriptive, exploratory investigation of natural product phytochemistry was conducted from June to July 2025—fresh tubers were collected from Lembang, West Bandung. The samples were subjected to ethanol maceration, and LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a bioactive fraction (Rf 0.52) obtained from preliminary thin-layer chromatography (TLC) fractionation of the crude ethanolic extract, using positive electrospray ionization and gradient elution. Compound annotation was performed using UNIFI software. LC–MS/MS profiling revealed 15 predominant secondary metabolites, with retention times ranging from 5.41 to 13.18 minutes and mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of 255.35–459.48. Early-retention peaks comprised polar constituents, such as sucrose and nicotianamine, a metal-chelating amino acid known to enhance iron bioavailability. Mid-retention peaks included phenolic acids and flavonoids, notably chlorogenic acid and jaceosidin. High-retention peaks were dominated by hydrophobic alkaloids, with 4,7,8-trimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-quinolin-2-one identified as the most abundant compound (56.42%), followed by senecionine (9.36%) and nonadecan-2-amine (6.75%). In conclusion, West Bandung yacon tubers contain a diverse spectrum of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic derivatives that may contribute to their pharmacological potential. The results provide an essential phytochemical foundation for future studies evaluating bioactivity and toxicological assessment using targeted in vitro and in vivo approaches.
Co-Authors Eka Hendryanny Widayanti