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Prasetyadi Mawardi
Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Perbandingan Stabilitas Fisik Formulasi Farmasetika 5% dan 10% Zingiber officinale: Sifat Organoleptik, pH, Daya Sebar, dan Daya Lekat pada Kondisi Uji Cycling Test Putri Jati Utami; Triasari Oktavriana; Prasetyadi Mawardi
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1587

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential, supporting its development as a topical agent for inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, but its physical stability must first be confirmed to ensure that therapeutic effects can be attributed to the active compound rather than formulation degradation. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the physical stability of 5% (F1) and 10% (F2) ginger extract salves through organoleptic, pH, spreadability, and adhesion testing under cycling test conditions consisting of six cycles of 24 hours at 4 °C followed by 24 hours at 40 °C, with three replicates per formulation assessed at baseline and after each cycle. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests for within-formulation comparisons and independent t-tests for between-formulation comparisons. Both formulations retained their characteristic ginger aroma, brown color, semi-solid consistency, and homogeneity throughout all six cycles. The pH of F1 ranged from 4.31 to 4.33 and F2 remained at 4.48, with no significant change between cycle 0 and cycle 6 (p > 0.05). Spreadability ranged from 4.79–4.84 cm for F1 and 5.20–5.33 cm for F2, while adhesion time was 4.78–4.82 s for F1 and 3.12–3.14 s for F2. The 10% formulation showed significantly higher pH and spreadability and significantly shorter adhesion time than the 5% formulation (all p<0.001), reflecting concentration-dependent rheological behavior. Both formulations demonstrated acceptable physical stability with all parameters within pharmacopoeial limits, supporting their use in subsequent in vivo efficacy studies for psoriasis.
Identifikasi dan Kuantifikasi Kadar Fenol Total Jahe (Zingiber officinale) Ekstrak sebagai Tahap Pendahuluan untuk Pengembangan Salep Topikal Putri Jati Utami; Triasari Oktavriana; Prasetyadi Mawardi; Utiya Nur Laili; Larisa Sabrina Rahadiyanti
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1597

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is traditionally used for inflammatory conditions and is currently being developed as a topical agent for psoriasis, with therapeutic effects largely attributed to phenolic constituents such as gingerols and shogaols. Prior to formulating ginger extract into 5% and 10% salves, qualitative confirmation and quantitative determination of phenolic content are essential to ensure adequate active marker levels. This study aimed to identify and quantify the total phenolic content of ginger extract intended for topical salve development. Qualitative identification used the ferric chloride (FeCl3) 1% test. Quantitative determination employed the Folin–Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as reference standard. Approximately 0.2 g of extract was dissolved in methanol p.a., reacted with 7.5% Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and 1% NaOH, and absorbance measured at λmax in triplicate. Total phenolic content was expressed as % gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The FeCl3 test produced a distinct color change confirming phenolic compounds. λmax was 733 nm with operating time 44–46 minutes. The calibration curve was linear (Y = 0.0652 + 0.00706X; r = 0.9991). Mean total phenolic content was 7.47 ± 0.36% GAE (74.70 ± 3.63 mg GAE/g extract; CV = 4.86%, meeting the < 5% precision criterion). The value measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method reflects the total reducing capacity of the extract, which is primarily attributable to phenolic constituents such as gingerols and shogaols, although contributions from other reducing substances cannot be excluded. This batch-specific value provides a baseline reference qualifying the extract as the candidate active ingredient for subsequent 5% and 10% topical salve formulation, with confirmatory chromatographic identification recommended prior to scale-up.
Co-Authors Larisa Sabrina Rahadiyanti Putri Jati Utami Putri Jati Utami Triasari Oktavriana Triasari Oktavriana Utiya Nur Laili