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All Journal Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS)
Usman Usman
Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Optimizing Thermal Load in Compact Buildings: A Comparative Analysis of Single and Hybrid Metaheuristics for Balanced HVAC Efficiency Usman Usman; Fatchul Arifin; Rustam Asnawi
Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS)
Publisher : Yayasan Riset dan Pengembangan Intelektual (YRPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37385/jaets.v7i2.7618

Abstract

This work is a comprehensive comparison study of five metaheuristic algorithms — namely GA, PSO, SA, GA-PSO, and GA-PSO-SA — using 3,000 model evaluations across 30 independent runs to optimize compact building thermal loads. Statistical analysis demonstrates that the SA, GA-PSO, and GA-PSO-SA present similar accuracy (RMSE: 3.55±0.16 kWh/m²) without any statistical difference (p> 0.97), contradicting the hypothesis that complexity in hybrid promotes the actual performance. GA appears to be the best compromise, with the highest efficiency ratio (11.47), providing 97.5% of SA's accuracy at 42% lower computational cost. The instability shown by PSO is quite alarming (CV: 14.215%, performance spread: 53.6%) and clearly indicates premature convergence, which sharply contradicts its claim of outperforming in continuous optimization [1]. Sensitivity analysis results show that envelope thermal properties, particularly the wall U-value (NSC=1.43), have 7.5× more influence on prediction performance than building orientation, providing evidence supporting the argument that input data quality outweighs algorithm choice for HVAC design-type applications.
Co-Authors Fatchul Arifin Rustam Asnawi