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All Journal Jurnal PkM MIFTEK Journal of Intelligent Systems Technology and Informatics
Moh Ramdani
Institut Teknologi Garut
Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Journal : journal of intelligent systems technology and informatics

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An Explainable Graph Neural Network Framework for Anemia Classification on Imbalanced Tabular Data Moh Ramdani; Alya Rahmawati; Muhamad Rijki Nurjakiah
Journal of Intelligent Systems Technology and Informatics Vol 2 No 2 (2026): JISTICS, July 2026
Publisher : Aliansi Peneliti Informatika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64878/jistics.v2i2.266

Abstract

Anemia remains a serious global health problem, yet its classification from hematological data faces issues of class imbalance and clinical interpretability. In this study, we propose an explainable Graph Neural Network (GCN) framework integrated with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and GNNExplainer for anemia classification. Addressing the limitations of the previous global similarity threshold, we construct a localized k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) graph with k=5 and apply clinical-range filtering to remove physiologically impossible outliers. Evaluation on 136 test samples shows that the proposed GCN model achieves an accuracy of 91.91% and a recall of 82.76% for the anemia class, which is highly competitive with SVM RBF (93.38% accuracy) and Naive Bayes (91.91% accuracy). McNemar significance tests confirm that the GCN model performs comparably to the baselines (p >= 0.72) while offering model interpretability. Using GNNExplainer, the parameters MCH, Ht, HB, and MCHC were identified as the most dominant features, providing clinicians with valuable transparency. This framework demonstrates the clinical utility of explainable GNNs in medical diagnostics.
Co-Authors Alya Rahmawati Andri Hendriyanto Cep Imat Ginanjar Dhea Muhamad Faisal Angriawan Hari Muhamad Gifari Mochamad Risyad Fauzan Muhamad Nizar Fadilah Muhamad Rijki Nurjakiah Muhammad Agus Sholehhudin Muhammad Badru Zaman Muhammad Firmasnyah Sofyan Neng Refi Prayoga Rafi Miftahul Fauzi Rakhan Sulaeman DJ Reza Rizkiansyah Sendy Kresna Gumilar Sheilla Fitria Siva Aulia Salsabila Suci Nursania Tsani Hisni Amala Wida Rahayu Yogi Sugiman