Dewi Mayangsari
University of Trunodjoyo Madura, Bangkalan, Indonesia

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Plugged and Unplugged Coding Approaches for Developing Computational Thinking in Early Childhood: A Systematic Literature Review Anita Damayanti; Ajeng Afkarina Irvana Bella; Imelda Indah Lestari; Dewi Mayangsari
Nak-Kanak: Journal of Child Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/njcr.v3i2.222

Abstract

Background of the study: The integration of coding activities in early childhood education has gained increasing attention as computational thinking (CT) is recognized as an essential twenty-first-century skill. Previous studies have explored both plugged and unplugged coding approaches for young children; however, limited research has systematically synthesized and compared the empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness in developing computational thinking among children aged 4–6 years, particularly within the context of developing countries and resource-limited early childhood education settings. Aims and scope of paper: This study aimed to identify patterns, contradictions, and the strength of empirical evidence related to plugged and unplugged coding approaches in fostering computational thinking skills among early childhood learners through a systematic literature review. Methods: This study employed a systematic literature review design guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework. A total of 30 scholarly articles published between 2020 and 2025 and indexed in Scopus and SINTA were selected through predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed using critical thematic synthesis to examine trends, learning outcomes, pedagogical characteristics, and contextual implementation of plugged and unplugged coding approaches in early childhood education. Results: The findings revealed that unplugged coding approaches consistently supported the development of foundational algorithmic understanding, problem decomposition, collaboration, and social interaction among young children. In contrast, plugged coding approaches demonstrated stronger contributions to abstraction visualization, sequential reasoning, and cognitive flexibility through interactive digital environments. The review found no absolute superiority between the two approaches, as both provided complementary contributions to computational thinking development. Furthermore, contextual factors such as teacher readiness, technological infrastructure, children’s developmental stages, and institutional resources significantly influenced the effectiveness of implementation. Contribution: The framework combines Piagetian cognitive development principles, Vygotskian scaffolding perspectives, and contextual resource considerations relevant to early childhood institutions in developing countries, particularly Indonesia.
Implementing Islamic Montessori Learning to Foster Islamic Religious Values in Early Childhood Education: A Case Study Tiara Margareta Sukma Azis; Fikri Nazarullail; Dewi Mayangsari; Dinda Rizki Tiara; Angga Fitriyono
Nak-Kanak: Journal of Child Research Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Issue in Press
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/njcr.v3i3.245

Abstract

Background of the study: The cultivation of Islamic religious values in early childhood is essential for developing children’s moral character, spiritual awareness, and social behavior. However, learning practices in many early childhood education settings still rely heavily on rote memorization and teacher-centered instruction, resulting in limited opportunities for children to internalize Islamic values through meaningful daily experiences. The Islamic Montessori approach has emerged as an alternative pedagogical model that integrates Montessori child-centered principles with Islamic teachings in structured and practical learning activities. This approach is considered capable of fostering children’s independence, responsibility, and religious character in a more natural and enjoyable manner. Aims and scope of paper: This study aimed to explore the implementation of Islamic Montessori learning in cultivating Islamic religious values among children aged 4–5 years at TKIT Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Pamekasan, Indonesia. Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, educational staff, and parents. The primary informants were the classroom teacher and the principal, while assistant teachers and parents served as supporting informants. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to identify patterns in the implementation of Islamic Montessori learning practices. Results: The findings revealed that the implementation of Islamic Montessori learning at TKIT Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah was conducted systematically through opening activities, core learning activities, and comprehensive evaluations. The core learning process was implemented across several Montessori learning areas, including Practical Life, Sensorial, Language, and Islamic Studies, all of which were integrated with Islamic values related to faith, worship, and moral behavior. The study demonstrated that Islamic Montessori learning effectively facilitated the internalization of Islamic religious values through meaningful and child-centered activities. In addition, the approach contributed to the development of children’s independence, discipline, responsibility, and positive Islamic character from an early age. Contribution: This study contributes to the growing literature on Islamic early childhood education by providing empirical evidence regarding the integration of Montessori pedagogy and Islamic values in preschool learning environments.