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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Sinar Sport Journal
Muhammad Haider Shammakhi
University of Al-Qadisiyah
Education Health Professions Physics Social Sciences Other

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The Effect of Special Exercises Using a Proposed Electronic Device on Developing Some Skill and Motor Abilities among Young Boxing Players Aged 16–17 Years at Al-Rafidain Club Muhammad Haider Shammakhi
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i2.2213

Abstract

This study aims to design a proposed electronic skill–motor device and develop specialized exercises to enhance selected motor and skill abilities among young boxing players aged 16–17 years at Al-Rafidain Club. The experimental method was applied using a two-group design (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests. The sample consisted of 12 boxers within the weight categories of 60 kg, 64 kg, and 69 kg, evenly divided between the two groups. The electronic device was designed with the assistance of a computer engineer and underwent two preliminary trials before being integrated into an eight-week specialized training program. The results revealed significant improvements in the reaction speed of straight and side punches, as well as dynamic balance, particularly in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings confirm that utilizing the proposed electronic device provides more effective development of motor skills and punching performance than traditional training methods. The researcher recommends incorporating this device into regular training sessions and conducting further studies in other sports disciplines to evaluate its broader applicability.
The Effect of Using Rondo Exercises and Small-Sided Games on Developing Tactical Link-Up Play, Shooting, and Selected Fundamental Skills in Youth Football Players Muhammad Haider Shammakhi; Majid Abdul Hameed Rasheed
Sinar Sport Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Penerbit Jurnal Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53697/ssj.v6i1.4240

Abstract

This study examined the effect of Rondo exercises and small-sided games on tactical link-up play, shooting, passing accuracy, and ball control in youth football players. A randomized pre-test–post-test experimental design was used with 20 outfield players from Al-Daghara Youth Club, allocated equally to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group completed an eight-week program of three sessions per week (24 sessions), while the control group followed the club’s regular program. Performance was assessed with a tactical link-up play and shooting test, a 15-m passing-accuracy test, and a ball-control test. Paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests were used at p < .05, and Cohen’s d was reported for between-group effects. Both groups improved from pre-test to post-test, but the experimental group achieved higher post-test scores than the control group in tactical link-up play and shooting (11.36 ± 1.23 vs. 8.76 ± 1.04, p < .001, d = 2.28), passing (19.12 ± 1.53 vs. 16.89 ± 1.02, p = .002, d = 1.71), and ball control (8.89 ± 0.37 vs. 7.82 ± 1.39, p = .033, d = 1.05). These results support the use of structured Rondo and small-sided-game tasks to develop technical and tactical performance in youth football, while replication with larger samples and match-based indicators remains necessary.
Co-Authors Majid Abdul Hameed Rasheed