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All Journal ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Jurnal Kelautan Tropis
Agus Indarjo
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro
Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Tourism Suitability and Carrying Capacity as a Basis for Sustainable Coastal Ecotourism Development at Karangsong Beach, Indonesia Muhammad Haerizal Arrafi; Ambariyanto Ambariyanto; Ita Widowati; Agus Indarjo
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 29, No 2 (2026): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v29i2.32271

Abstract

Coastal ecotourism development requires an integrated understanding of environmental suitability, ecological carrying capacity, and management strategies to ensure long-term sustainability. This study evaluates the suitability of tourism, carrying capacity, and development strategies for sustainable coastal ecotourism at Karangsong Beach, Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. Tourism suitability and carrying capacity were assessed based on biophysical parameters, field observations, and stakeholder surveys. Tourism suitability was analyzed using the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI), while the Area Carrying Capacity (ACC) was calculated to determine the maximum number of visitors that can be accommodated without compromising environmental quality or visitor comfort. Strategic priorities for ecotourism development were identified using an integrated SWOT analysis and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The results indicate spatial variation in tourism suitability across the study area, with several coastal segments classified as highly suitable for tourism activities, while others require management interventions. The carrying capacity analysis suggests that Karangsong Beach can sustainably accommodate an average of 184 visitors per day under current environmental conditions. Priority development strategies include improving and maintaining tourism facilities, enhancing accessibility, strengthening community participation in tourism management, and conserving mangrove ecosystems as key ecotourism attractions. This study demonstrates that integrating tourism suitability assessment and carrying capacity analysis provides a robust scientific framework for sustainable coastal ecotourism planning. The findings offer practical insights for balancing tourism development, coastal ecosystem conservation, and community-based economic benefits and contribute to sustainable marine ecotourism management in tropical coastal regions.
Coastal Vulnerability Assessment and Disaster Risk Management of the Betahwalang Conservation Area, Demak, Indonesia Agus Indarjo; Galung Dhiva Maharani; Muhammad Zainuri; Hadi Endrawati; Suryono Suryono
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 3 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.3.309-322

Abstract

Low-lying coastal regions worldwide face escalating threats from sea-level rise, land subsidence, coastal erosion, and recurrent tidal flooding, underscoring the urgent need for effective disaster management informed by spatial vulnerability assessments. This study evaluates temporal changes in coastal vulnerability within Betahwalang Waters, Demak Regency, Indonesia, over the period 2015–2025, applying the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Primary data were obtained through field surveys, whereas secondary data comprised Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, digital elevation and bathymetric datasets, and tidal records. Coastal vulnerability was analyzed using a GIS-based weighted overlay approach that combined and quantified multiple physical, geological, and environmental parameters. The results reveal that approximately 69% of the study area falls within the high to very high vulnerability categories, with geomorphology and coastal slope emerging as the two dominant contributing factors, each accounting for 20% of the overall index. A comparison with the 2015 BNPB coastal hazard assessment indicates a pronounced spatial expansion of high-vulnerability coastal zones over the past decade, primarily driven by tidal inundation, aquaculture expansion, and progressive mangrove degradation. This study contributes to coastal disaster management by demonstrating the value of integrating field observations, remote sensing, and GIS for monitoring long-term vulnerability dynamics. The findings offer a robust scientific basis for disaster risk reduction, vulnerability-based spatial planning, and ecosystem-based coastal management. Collectively, they provide a practical and transferable framework for strengthening the resilience of tropical deltaic coasts confronting intensifying climate-related hazards in similarly vulnerable low-lying coastal environments worldwide.
Development of Disaster Mitigation Approach and Coastal Area Carrying Capacity Based on Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI): A GIS Analysis in Betahwalang Waters, Demak Galung Dhiva Maharani; Agus Indarjo; Muhammad Zainuri; Denny Nugroho Sugianto; Dwi Haryo Ismunarti; Indra Budi Prasetyawan; Nazariano Rahman Wahyudi; Chrisna Adhi Suryono; Bambang Yulianto; Ria Azizah Tri Nuraini; Fadhil Muhammad
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 31, No 3 (2026): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.31.3.333-352

Abstract

This study aims to develop an integrated framework for disaster mitigation and coastal carrying capacity assessment by combining the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) with trophic status analysis in Betahwalang Waters, Demak. Unlike previous studies that primarily evaluate physical vulnerability or ecological conditions separately, this study integrates both approaches to identify areas where high physical susceptibility coincides with ecological pressure, thereby providing a more comprehensive basis for sustainable coastal management. Seven physical parameters, including geomorphology, slope, elevation, land use, distance from the shoreline, distance from rivers, and tidal range, were analyzed using a weighted overlay approach in ArcGIS based on field observations, Sentinel-2 imagery, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and tidal data. Ecological carrying capacity was assessed using trophic status derived from chlorophyll-a and nitrate concentrations following the EPA trophic classification. The results indicate that 69.01% of the study area falls within the high (42.96%) and very high (26.05%) coastal vulnerability classes, primarily due to low elevation, gentle slopes, and extensive aquaculture replacing natural mangrove protection. Chlorophyll-a concentrations ranged from 2.19 to 36.19 µg.L-1, while nitrate concentrations ranged from 43.62 to 126.52 µg.L-1, indicating mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions with moderate to high nutrient enrichment. The integrated assessment revealed that physically vulnerable areas generally coincide with nutrient-enriched coastal waters, indicating increasing environmental pressure and reduced ecological carrying capacity. These findings demonstrate that integrating CVI with trophic status provides additional spatial insight beyond conventional vulnerability assessments by simultaneously identifying priority areas for ecosystem restoration, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable aquaculture management. The integration of CVI and trophic status provides additional spatial insight by identifying areas where high physical vulnerability coincides with ecological pressure, thereby supporting ecosystem-based disaster mitigation and sustainable coastal management. The proposed framework supports evidence-based coastal planning through ecosystem-based disaster mitigation strategies, including mangrove restoration, spatial zoning, and adaptive coastal management under climate change.
Co-Authors Ambariyanto Ambariyanto Bambang Yulianto Chrisna Adhi Suryono Denny Nugroho Sugianto Dwi Haryo Ismunarti Fadhil Muhammad Galung Dhiva Maharani Hadi Endrawati Indra Budi Prasetyawan Ita Widowati Muhammad Haerizal Arrafi Muhammad Zainuri Nazariano Rahman Wahyudi Ria Azizah Tri Nuraini Suryono Suryono