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All Journal International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research
Zulfaidah Ariany
Department of Engineering Technology, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Transportation

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Analysis of Ethylene Propene Cargo Loss During Discharge Using Root Cause Analysis Zulfaidah Ariany; Muhammad Alif Fadhil Rizqi; Halim T Cahyono; Arwen Surya A Anjalu
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

The transfer of ethylene-propene cargo from LPG/C vessels to onshore storage tanks is a critical operation in which measurement accuracy, temperature correction, and transfer system efficiency influence cargo integrity. This study analyses cargo loss during the discharge process using quantitative calculations and Root Cause Analysis (RCA). Cargo quantity was determined by calculating the apparent liquid volume (13,465.454 KL) from tank sounding data, followed by temperature correction using the shrinkage factor equation 1+α(t−T) with ? = 0.0000348. The corrected liquid volume obtained was 13,463.632 KL. Using an average density of 561.1 kg/m³, the calculated liquid mass reached 7,598.525 MT. Vapour volume was obtained by subtracting the liquid volume from the total tank capacity, producing 3,027.235 KL, which, after thermal correction, became 3,026.339 KL. With a gas factor of 0.0200851, the vapour mass was calculated as 59.207 MT, resulting in a total cargo mass of 7,657.732 MT. Comparison between ship and shore tank measurements showed a discrepancy of 78.482 MT or −2.294%, indicating cargo loss during transfer. RCA results identified suboptimal vapour return systems and temperature-induced density variations as dominant causes. Recommended improvements include optimising vapour recovery performance, implementing Automatic Tank Gauge (ATG) systems, and standardising temperature-corrected cargo calculations.
Root Cause Analysis of Compression-bar Failure on Manual Pontoon Hatch Cover Systems Arwen Surya Adi Anjalu; Aulia Windyandari; Zulfaidah Ariany; Mohd Ridwan; Tuti Rachmawati Yusuf
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i2

Abstract

Hatch covers are critical structural components that maintain cargo hold watertightness and operational safety. This study investigates non-conformities in the compression bar of a manual pontoon-type hatch cover on a Gearless Multi-Purpose Vessel constructed at PT. KTU Shipyard. The analysis evaluates construction conditions and the conformity of fabrication and installation processes with MacGregor standards and ClassNK requirements. Root causes were identified using the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) method within a qualitative descriptive case study approach. Data were obtained through visual inspection, manual measurement with an acceptable compression tolerance of 14–24 mm, ultrasonic testing with a leak acceptance limit of <10% OHV, and review of design drawings and technical specifications. RCA was performed using fishbone diagrams and the five-why method, addressing human, method, material, measurement, environment, and machine factors. Findings show that improper installation beyond manufacturer tolerances caused uneven gasket contact pressure, reducing sealing performance. The primary causes were inadequate fabrication and installation practices and inconsistent tolerance verification. Recommended corrective actions include standardizing procedures, strengthening technical competence, and implementing systematic inspection and measurement control at all work stages.
Co-Authors Arwen Surya A Anjalu Arwen Surya Adi Anjalu Aulia Windyandari Halim T Cahyono Mohd Ridwan Muhammad Alif Fadhil Rizqi Tuti Rachmawati Yusuf