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All Journal International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
Yoni Astuti
Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, 55183 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Nursing Public Health

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Parental Education on Hidden Sugars: A Preventive Strategy Against Childhood Diabetes Yoni Astuti
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.612

Abstract

Introduction:The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes in children is a growing public health concern, often linked to excessive consumption of sugar-rich, energy-dense foods. Many of these contain hidden sugars not easily recognized by consumers. As children are especially drawn to sweet tastes, early dietary habits can significantly impact long-term health. Parental knowledge is essential in guiding healthier food choices and preventing early exposure to diabetes risk. This study aimed to enhance parental awareness of dietary sugar intake and its potential role in childhood diabetes. Methods:A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a health education intervention. The program included a structured lecture and interactive discussion focusing on hidden sugars and diabetes risk. Knowledge was measured using a validated questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and correlation analysis.Results: The mean knowledge score increased from 7.87 ± 2.03 to 9.65 ± 1.38 (p < 0.001; 99% CI), reflecting a 22.54% improvement. The intervention significantly enhanced parental understanding of hidden sugars.Conclusions: The educational intervention effectively increased parental knowledge regarding hidden sugars and diabetes risk in children. Similar health education programs should be implemented at the community and school levels to support broader diabetes prevention efforts in children.
Analysis of Urea Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Based on Age, Sex, and Hemodialysis Frequency Yoni Astuti
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.614

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by declining renal function and accumulation of metabolic waste such as urea. Hemodialysis is essential in advanced CKD to reduce urea levels, which serve as an important marker for renal function and dialysis adequacy. Variations in urea levels may be influenced by demographic factors such as age and sex, as well as treatment-related factors including hemodialysis frequency. Aims: This study aimed to analyze urea levels and hemodialysis frequency among CKD patients based on age groups (<50 years, 51–60 years, and ≥61 years) and sex. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using secondary data from medical records of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital from 2021 to 2023. A total of 78 complete records were included. Urea levels and hemodialysis frequency were analyzed descriptively, and an independent t-test was used to assess differences between male and female patients. Results: Urea levels varied across age groups within each sex. In males, the highest mean urea level was observed in the 51–60 years group, while females showed a progressive increase with age. Male patients exhibited greater variability, especially in older age groups, whereas females showed more consistent patterns. Hemodialysis frequency remained relatively stable in males but increased with age in females. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in urea levels between sexes (p = 0.919), with mean values of 99.35 mg/dL in males and 100.38 mg/dL in females. Conclusion: Urea levels in CKD patients vary according to age and demonstrate different patterns between sexes, but no significant sex-based differences were identified. These findings suggest that urea dynamics are influenced by multiple factors, highlighting the importance of individualized management strategies in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Dietary Protein, Vitamin C, and Iron Intake As Predictors of Hemoglobin Levels in Children With Special Needs” Yoni Astuti; Sunarti Sunarti; Gina Puspita; Iman Permana
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.622

Abstract

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a key indicator of oxygen transport and overall child health, particularly during periods of rapid growth and cognitive development. Anemia remains a significant global public health problem, often driven by nutritional deficiencies, especially iron. Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, while protein supports hemoglobin synthesis, indicating a synergistic role of these nutrients. Children with special needs are at higher risk of nutritional inadequacies due to feeding challenges and restricted diets. However, evidence on how dietary intake influences hemoglobin levels in this population is still limited. Aims:This study aimed to analyze the role of dietary protein, vitamin C, and iron intake as predictors of hemoglobin levels in children with special needs. Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 34 students at SLB Kutoarjo between January and May 2024. Dietary intake data were collected using a 3-day food record completed by caregivers and analyzed with NutriSurvey software. Hemoglobin data were obtained from school health records. Statistical analysis included correlation and multiple regression tests to assess the relationship between nutrient intake and hemoglobin levels. Results:The findings revealed that the average intake of protein, iron, vitamin C, and total energy was below recommended levels. Despite this, the mean hemoglobin level (13.38 ± 1.33 g/dL) was within the normal range. Regression analysis showed that the combined intake of protein, iron, vitamin C, and folate explained 25% of the variation in hemoglobin levels (R² = 0.25), but the adjusted R² was low (0.036), indicating weak explanatory power. No individual nutrient showed a statistically significant association with hemoglobin levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions:Dietary protein, vitamin C, and iron intake were not significant predictors of hemoglobin levels in children with special needs. These findings highlight that hemoglobin status is influenced by complex interactions beyond dietary intake alone. Further research with larger samples and additional biomarkers is needed to better understand anemia risk in this population.
Co-Authors Gina Puspita Iman Permana Sunarti Sunarti