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All Journal Asian Journal of Healthcare Analytics
Iwan Kusnawirawan
High School of Law Litigation, Citizens Foundation, Ministry of Law and Human Rights
Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Mental Health at the Crossroads of Policy and Practice: A Legal-Epidemiological Study of Indonesian Adolescents Rosnalisa Zein; Iwan Kusnawirawan; Dwi Ratna Sari Handayani; Hernayati; Muhammad Arsyad Subu; Imam Waluyo
Asian Journal of Healthcare Analytics Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ajha.v5i1.16347

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical period for mental health development, yet in Indonesia, systemic and legal gaps exacerbate vulnerabilities related to anxiety, depression, and self-confidence. While previous research highlights gender and school-type differences, few studies integrate a legal health perspective to frame these disparities within Indonesia’s evolving mental health and education policies. This study examines the psycho-legal implications of anxiety, depression, and self-confidence among Indonesian adolescents across gender and school types, with a focus on rights-based interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 311 high school students (167 females, 144 males; 217 public, 94 private) in North Jakarta. Participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Self-Confidence Inventory (SCI). Data were analyzed using factorial ANOVAs and multiple regression. Students from private schools reported significantly higher anxiety and lower self-confidence than those in public schools. Female adolescents had significantly lower self-confidence than males. The findings highlight the private school environment as a potential risk factor and underscore the profound impact of depressive symptoms on an adolescent's self-concept. The persistent gender gap in self-confidence, independent of anxiety and depression, points to underlying sociocultural factors. Interventions must be targeted.
Co-Authors Dwi Ratna Sari Handayani Hernayati Imam Waluyo Muhammad Arsyad Subu Rosnalisa Zein