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All Journal Journal of Sharia (JOSH)
Ibnu Zulian
Universitas Potensi Utama Medan, Indonesia
Social Sciences

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GEOPARK KALDERA TOBA DIMANFAATKAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN SOFT POWER DIPLOMACY OLEH INDONESIA DALAM MEMPROMOSIKAN CITRA POSITIF NEGARA DI TINGKAT INTERNASIONAL Ribka Sijabat; Ibnu Zulian
JOSH: Journal of Sharia Vol. 5 No. 02 (2026): Vol. 05 No. 02 Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Sunan Drajat Lamongan, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55352/josh.v5i02.2424

Abstract

The Toba Caldera Geopark is a global geological heritage area with strategic scientific, ecological, and cultural value for Indonesia in the context of contemporary international relations. This study analyzes how the Toba Caldera Geopark is utilized as an instrument of soft power diplomacy to strengthen Indonesia's image internationally. Using Joseph Nye's soft power theoretical framework, nation branding, and cultural, environmental, and scientific diplomacy, this study explores the development of geopark narratives as a non-coercive diplomatic tool. The methodology used is a descriptive qualitative analysis with an interpretative approach based on literature data, government policies, UNESCO reports, and official tourism promotion narratives. The results show that the Toba Caldera Geopark plays a multidimensional role in Indonesian diplomacy, including the promotion of sustainable tourism, participation in the UNESCO Global Geopark Network, international research collaboration, cultural diplomacy through Batak festivals and art performances, and environmental diplomacy that emphasizes Indonesia's commitment to conservation and green development. However, challenges in environmental governance, pollution, the pressure of mass tourism, and the imbalance in human resource capacity still have the potential to weaken the effectiveness of geoparks as a diplomatic instrument. This study concludes that the Toba Caldera Geopark has become an important symbol of Indonesia's soft power, but its sustainability depends on strengthening collaborative governance, digital diplomacy innovation, and synergy between actors across sectors.  
Peran Pelabuhan Belawan dalam Economic Sustainability terhadap Kota Medan yang Inklusif dan Global M. Permata Akbar Pala Tandjung Akbar; Ibnu Zulian
JOSH: Journal of Sharia Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Vol. 05 No. 01 Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Sunan Drajat Lamongan, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55352/josh.v5i01.2213

Abstract

Belawan Port, as the most important port in western Indonesia, plays a vital role in supporting economic development at both regional and national levels. This study aims to explore the role and impact of Belawan Port in strengthening economic sustainability (economic, social, and environmental dimensions) toward an inclusive and global Medan City. The research applies a qualitative approach, including literature review, field observation, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that Belawan Port functions beyond being merely a logistics and international trade hub. It serves as a driver of local economic growth by creating employment opportunities (economic), developing infrastructure, and improving regional connectivity (social and environmental). Nevertheless, several challenges remain, particularly concerning operational efficiency, cross-sectoral integration, and potential environmental impacts. Therefore, strengthening collaboration between government, business actors, and the community is essential to optimize the port’s role in promoting sustainable, inclusive economic growth aligned with Medan City’s vision as a global city.
Co-Authors M. Permata Akbar Pala Tandjung Akbar Ribka Sijabat