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All Journal International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)
Aidil Azwin Zainul Abidin
University of Tenaga Nasional
Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Enhanced review on dynamic real-time digital simulation analysis of renewable energy integration using state space model Ahmad Supawi Osman; Aidil Azwin Zainul Abidin
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1510-1521

Abstract

The modernization of electric power grids, driven by communication and electronic hardware advances alongside increasing renewable energy integration, introduces challenges like voltage fluctuations, weakened protection, and transient instability. High renewable penetration can trigger reverse power flow and voltage rise, complicating system control. Real-time digital simulations offer a non-destructive approach to analyze and optimize power system behavior under diverse conditions. Using platforms like Simulink Real-Time and RT-LAB with OPAL-RT, detailed studies of protection relays, circuit breakers, and control algorithms are efficiently conducted. This paper reviews real-time digital simulation techniques for renewable-integrated power systems, emphasizing state-space modeling for capturing system dynamics. Recent developments in predictive and event-based control strategies to enhance microgrid stability and operational efficiency are examined. Simulations of a three-bus system with transient analysis and event-based predictive control for energy management are discussed, demonstrating how real-time simulation platforms support renewable energy integration while maintaining grid stability.
Improving voltage stability in isolated renewable energy microgrids using virtual synchronous generators Ahmad Supawi Osman; Aidil Azwin Zainul Abidin
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp683-695

Abstract

The integration of renewable energy systems (RES) and distributed generation (DG) into microgrids introduces significant challenges in maintaining voltage stability due to intermittent generation and reduced rotational inertia. This systematic review critically examines advanced control strategies aimed at enhancing voltage resilience in isolated RES-driven microgrids. Particular focus is placed on virtual synchronous generators (VSGs), which emulate electromechanical dynamics of synchronous machines via state-space modeling, and model predictive control (MPC), which enables real-time control optimization under multi-constraint scenarios. The review synthesizes literature on coupling–decoupling behavior, impedance sensitivity, and dynamic voltage response under varying load conditions. Additionally, it evaluates the role of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platforms and Runge-Kutta-based simulations in validating control models for real-time deployment. A structured framework is proposed, aligning VSG-based inertia emulation with predictive control to address voltage dips, oscillations, and transient instabilities. The findings highlight both theoretical gaps and implementation opportunities for achieving robust voltage stabilization in next-generation microgrids.
Co-Authors Ahmad Supawi Osman