<![CDATA[The circulation of illegal natural medicine products containing pharmaceutical chemicals (BKO) poses a serious threat to consumer safety in Indonesia, as evidenced by the surge in the discovery of 206 illegal products in 2025. This study aims to analyze the implementation of consumer legal protection and the civil liability mechanisms for business operators regarding the circulation of illegal natural medicine products containing BKO based on Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. A descriptive-analytical method with an empirical-juridical approach was employed through interviews with the Bandung BPOM, the Bandung City BPSK, and business operators. The research results indicate that consumer legal protection has a sufficiently strong normative foundation; however, its implementation remains suboptimal due to the inconsistent application of the strict liability principle and the expanding distribution of illegal products via digital platforms. Compensation mechanisms through the BPSK and District Courts are procedurally available but face structural obstacles, including low public legal awareness, the difficulty of identifying anonymous online sellers, and weak enforcement of court decisions. Strengthening regulations on digital platforms, expanding the scope of the BPSK, and consistently applying strict liability are urgently needed to bridge the gap between das sollen and das sein. Peredaran produk obat bahan alami ilegal yang mengandung Bahan Kimia Obat (BKO) menjadi ancaman serius bagi keselamatan konsumen di Indonesia, sebagaimana tercermin dari lonjakan temuan 206 produk ilegal secara nasional pada tahun 2025. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan perlindungan hukum konsumen dan mekanisme pertanggungjawaban perdata pelaku usaha atas peredaran produk obat bahan alami ilegal yang mengandung BKO berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Metode deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris digunakan melalui wawancara dengan BPOM Bandung, BPSK Kota Bandung, dan pelaku usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum konsumen telah memiliki landasan normatif yang cukup kuat, namun implementasinya belum optimal akibat penerapan prinsip strict liability yang tidak konsisten dan semakin meluasnya distribusi ilegal melalui platform digital. Mekanisme ganti rugi melalui BPSK maupun Pengadilan Negeri tersedia secara prosedural, tetapi menghadapi kendala struktural berupa rendahnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat, sulitnya mengidentifikasi penjual anonim daring, serta lemahnya eksekusi putusan. Penguatan regulasi platform digital, perluasan jangkauan BPSK, dan penerapan strict liability secara konsisten mendesak dilakukan guna menjembatani kesenjangan antara das sollen dan das sein.]]>
