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All Journal ILMU USHULUDDIN Diroyah : Jurnal Studi Ilmu Hadis
M. Rachmatullah Arken
UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Religion Education

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AGAINST KALĀM FOUNDATIONALISM: IBN TAYMIYYAH’S EPISTEMOLOGY AND ITS STRUCTURAL CONVERGENCE WITH WITTGENSTEINIAN FIDEISM Munir Munir; M. Rachmatullah Arken; Mohd. Roslan Mohd Nor
ILMU USHULUDDIN Vol. 12, No. 2, December 2025
Publisher : Peminat Ilmu Ushuluddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/iu.vi.51284

Abstract

This article examines whether Ibn Taymiyyah’s rejection of taqdīm al-ʿaql, the kalām principle assigning rational argument priority over apparent scriptural meaning, constitutes an independent epistemological theory, and whether that theory shares structural features with Wittgensteinian post-foundationalism as developed by D. Z. Phillips and Norman Malcolm. The analysis applies a two-stage method combining Davidsonian interpretive charity with a Lakatosian distinction between the hard core and protective belt of Ibn Taymiyyah's epistemological program, drawing primarily on the Darʾ Taʿāruḍ al-ʿAql wa-al-Naql, al-Radd ʿalā al-Manṭiqiyyīn, and Bayān Talbīs al-Jahmiyya. The study identifies four structural homologies between Ibn Taymiyyah's epistemology and Phillips-Malcolm fideism, alongside three irreducible ontological divergences at the level of correspondence theory, cosmological realism, and the transcultural scope of fiṭra. These findings weaken the irrationalism charge associated with Laoust, Massignon, and Wolfson, demonstrating that Ibn Taymiyyah's resistance to kalām operates as a coherent epistemological position rather than fideistic evasion.
The Construction of Ithbat-bila-Kayf Theology: An Analysis of Imam Bukhari’s Theological Methodology in the Book Khalq Af’al al-Ibad M. Dede Rodliyana; M. Rachmatullah Arken
Diroyah : Jurnal Studi Ilmu Hadis Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): Diroyah: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Hadis
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Hadis Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/diroyah.v10i2.54296

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the theological thought of Imam al-Bukhari in his work, Khalq Af’āl al-’Ibād, amidst the escalation of theological conflicts in the 3rd century AH. The primary focus of this study is to map out the Ithbāt bilā Kayf methodology advocated by al-Bukhārī as a response to the Ta’ṭīl (denial of attributes) doctrine of the Jahmiyyah and the threat of anthropomorphism (tashbīh). This study employs a qualitative method through a descriptive-analytical approach and the technique of content analysis (content analysis). This study found that al-Bukhārī constructs a precise theological argument by distinguishing between the actions of servants (af’āl al-’ibād) as created beings and the Qur’an as Kalamullāh, which is not created. The results of the study indicate that al-Bukhārī systematically organised the traditions of the Salaf to affirm the attributes of Allah, including the attributes of Istiwa’, Knowledge, and Voice (Ṣawt), without engaging in anthropomorphism. This study concludes that al-Bukhārī’s theological framework constitutes a model of “Textual Kalam” which forms the foundation of moderate Sunni orthodoxy (wasaṭiyyah), successfully harmonising submission to the text of revelation with the recognition of the reality of creation
Co-Authors M. Dede Rodliyana Mohd. Roslan Mohd Nor Munir Munir