<![CDATA[Umat Islam di era modern menghadapi berbagai problematika kompleks yang muncul sebagai konsekuensi dari perkembangan peradaban global. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tantangan-tantangan utama yang dihadapi umat Islam kontemporer, meliputi krisis identitas keagamaan, sekularisme, globalisasi budaya, kemiskinan struktural, lemahnya pendidikan Islam, degradasi moral, dan konflik internal umat. Melalui pendekatan studi literatur dengan metode analisis deskriptif-kualitatif, penelitian mengkaji berbagai sumber ilmiah, kitab klasik, dan karya pemikir Islam kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problematika umat Islam bersifat multidimensional dan saling berkaitan antara aspek teologis, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Solusi yang ditawarkan mencakup reformasi pendidikan Islam, penguatan literasi digital berbasis nilai Islam, revitalisasi ijtihad, pemberdayaan ekonomi berbasis syariah, dan penguatan persatuan umat melalui dialog antarmazhab. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa jawaban atas tantangan modernitas harus berangkat dari pemahaman Islam yang komprehensif, kontekstual, dan progresif tanpa melepaskan diri dari akar tradisi keilmuan Islam yang kokoh. Kata Kunci: Problematika Umat Islam, Era Modern, Tantangan Kontemporer, Sekularisme, Reformasi Pendidikan Islam, Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Syariah, Identitas Keagamaan Abstract Muslims in the modern era face various complex problems arising from the consequences of global civilizational development. This study aims to identify and analyze the main challenges faced by contemporary Muslims, including religious identity crisis, secularism, cultural globalization, structural poverty, weak Islamic education, moral degradation, and internal conflicts within the ummah. Through a literature study approach with descriptive-qualitative analysis, this research examines various scientific sources, classical texts, and works of contemporary Muslim thinkers. The findings indicate that the problems of the Muslim ummah are multidimensional and interrelated across theological, social, economic, and political dimensions. The solutions offered include Islamic educational reform, strengthening Islamic-value-based digital literacy, revitalization of ijtihad, sharia-based economic empowerment, and strengthening ummah unity through inter-madhab dialogue. This study concludes that answers to the challenges of modernity must stem from a comprehensive, contextual, and progressive understanding of Islam without detaching from the roots of its firm Islamic scholarly tradition. Key Words: Problems of Muslims, Modern Era, Contemporary Challenges, Secularism, Islamic Education Reform, Sharia Economic Empowerment, Religious Identity]]>
