<![CDATA[This study evaluated the implementation of forest and land rehabilitation (RHL) and estimated its contribution to carbon stock enhancement under social forestry schemes in Lampung Province to support Indonesia’s Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 target. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using secondary data on critical land, rehabilitation activities, and social forestry from 2015–2024. Carbon sequestration and emission reduction potentials were analyzed using the AKSARA platform developed by the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas). The analysis incorporated rehabilitation area, seedling survival, planting type, and carbon absorption factors to estimate carbon stock enhancement and carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) sequestration. Results showed that critical land in Lampung Province declined by 284,680 ha between 2018 and 2024, indicating a gradual recovery of the ecosystem. During 2015-2024, RHL activities rehabilitated 32,283.97 ha with 17.63 million seedlings planted. These activities generated an estimated carbon stock enhancement of 174,487.30 tCO2e and carbon sequestration of 639,788.40 tCO2e, equivalent to approximately 0.46% of Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink target. The highest rehabilitation achievement occurred in 2019, contributing more than half of the total rehabilitated area during the study period. Social forestry also demonstrated substantial potential to strengthen community-based climate mitigation, covering 209,408.60 ha managed by 95,707 households through 451 permits distributed across community forests, village forests, forestry partnerships, community plantation forests, and conservation partnerships. The integration of social forestry and RHL through agroforestry practices provides ecological, social, and economic co-benefits by restoring degraded landscapes, increasing carbon stocks, improving watershed functions, and enhancing local livelihoods. This study highlights the strategic role of community-based forest management in supporting sustainable land restoration and achieving Indonesia’s climate mitigation commitments. Keywords: agroforestry, carbon stock enhancement, FOLU Net Sink 2030, forest and land rehabilitation, social forestry]]>
