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All Journal International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Varuna Kumara
Moodlakatte Institute of Technology
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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IoT-enabled smart hydroponic system using nutrient film technique for precision agriculture Varuna Kumara; Akshatha Naik; Fatima Tahsir; Sinchana Bommayya Devadiga; Vinitha Ramesh Naik
International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) Vol 15, No 2: June 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp900-908

Abstract

The study aims to develop an internet of things (IoT)-enabled automated hydroponic system using the nutrient film technique (NFT) to optimize plant growth with minimal human intervention. The system integrates sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud-based monitoring to maintain optimal conditions for crops. The system utilizes Arduino Uno, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and sensors including pH, TDS, DHT11 and water level sensors. Data collected from these sensors is processed in real time, allowing automated adjustments through relay-controlled water and nutrient pumps. The system transmits data to the ThingSpeak IoT platform, enabling remote monitoring and predictive analytics. The proposed hydroponic system ensures stable environmental conditions, improving plant growth efficiency. Key parameters such as pH, TDS levels and humidity are maintained within optimal ranges. The automated system reduces manual intervention, enhances water and nutrient efficiency, and increases yield consistency compared to traditional farming methods. The IoT-based NFT hydroponic system demonstrates significant potential in urban agriculture and controlled environment farming. By leveraging automation, AI-driven analytics, and cloud-based monitoring, it provides a scalable and sustainable solution for precision farming. Future advancements may include AI-based predictive analytics, solar-powered energy solutions, and robotic automation for further optimization.
Optimized fuzzy sliding mode control for energy-efficient wastewater treatment Manjunatha Badiger; Varuna Kumara; Raghunatha Raghunatha; Savidhan Shetty C S
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 15, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v15i1.10663

Abstract

Wastewater treatment is essential for environmental sustainability and public health. However, existing control strategies struggle with system nonlinearity, disturbances, and high energy consumption (EC). This study proposes a robust self-organizing fuzzy sliding mode controller (SOFSMC) to enhance effluent quality, energy efficiency, and system adaptability in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). By integrating sliding mode control(SMC) with a self-organizing fuzzy logic system (SOFLS), the controller improves adaptability and reduces the chattering effect. The newly developed JAYA optimization algorithm is used to fine-tune control parameters, optimizing both energy use and pollutant removal. Simulation results show SOFSMC outperforms proportional integral derivative (PID), standard SMC, and fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). EQI is reduced by 48.3% and 28.4% compared to PID and FLC, respectively. EC is significantly optimized, and settling time and chattering amplitude (CA) are reduced by 28% and 75%, respectively. SOFSMC offers a scalable, energy-efficient, and robust solution for advanced wastewater treatment.
Co-Authors Akshatha Naik Fatima Tahsir Manjunatha Badiger Raghunatha Raghunatha Savidhan Shetty C S Sinchana Bommayya Devadiga Vinitha Ramesh Naik