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All Journal Journal of Modern Islamic Studies and Civilization Nizamiyah: Jurnal Sains, Sosial dan Multidisiplin
Nurliana Damanik
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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The Concept of Al-’Adl in Mu’tazilite Theology: An Analysis of Human Agency and Moral Accountability in the Modern Era Ratna Sari Munthe; Nurliana Damanik
Journal of Modern Islamic Studies and Civilization Том 4 № 02 (2026): Journal of Modern Islamic Studies and Civilization
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/jmisc.v4i02.2459

Abstract

Human problems in the modern era demand a re-examination of moral responsibility, particularly as human error is frequently detached from the individual and redirected toward systems, circumstances, technology, or fate. In this context, the concept of al-’adl (justice) in Mu’tazilite theology remains highly relevant, as it asserts that Divine justice is inseparable from human freedom and responsibility. This article aims to analyze the concept of al-’adl within Mu’tazilite theology and its implications for human agency and moral accountability in the modern era. Using a qualitative library research method with a theological-philosophical approach, this study demonstrates that al-’adl is not merely a core doctrine regarding God’s justice, but also a rational foundation for the position of humans as moral subjects. Mu’tazilite theology emphasizes that it is impossible for God to act unjustly, let alone burden humans beyond their capacity or punish them for actions not consciously chosen. Consequently, humans are understood as moral agents possessing reason, will, capability, and freedom of choice. From this agency arises moral accountability the human responsibility for every chosen action to be accounted for before Allah. This sutudy contributes to contemporary Islamic ethics by recontextualizing classical Mu’tazilite theology to address modern crises of accountability, offering a framework to analyze human agency within complex, systemic environments. Thus, the implications of al-’adl serve as a critique of fatalism, rejecting the use of destiny or system failures as excuses to evade moral responsibility. Nevertheless, a modern reading of al-’adl requires a deeper interpretation that considers the dynamic factors influencing human choices.
Hermeneutika dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Perspektif Dosen Tafsir di Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Puspa Vanilla; Nurliana Damanik
Nizamiyah: Jurnal Sains, Sosial dan Multidisiplin Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): Nizamiyah: Jurnal Sains, Sosial dan Multidisiplin
Publisher : Yayasan Albahriah Jamiah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64691/cagx5g90

Abstract

The dynamics of employing hermeneutics in Qur’anic exegesis have sparked an epistemological tension between the authority of tradition and the demands for contextual reading within the contemporary landscape of Islamic scholarship. This shift positions hermeneutics not merely as a methodological tool, but as a site of negotiation among the text, the interpreter, and social reality. The study focuses on elaborating the perspectives of tafsīr (exegesis) lecturers at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra regarding the definition of the position, boundaries, and legitimacy of hermeneutics in exegetical practice. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological-hermeneutic orientation was employed—utilizing in-depth interviews, academic observations, and analyses of instructional documents and scholarly publications—followed by analysis through meaning reduction, thematic categorization, and reflective interpretation. The results reveal three primary conceptual patterns: hermeneutics as a critical instrument for reading context; as a complementary method rooted in classical uṣūl al-Tafsīr (principles of exegesis); and as a reflective approach that negotiates the interpreter’s authority. An epistemological foundation is established through the integration of textual reasoning, critical rationality, and historical sensitivity, while interpretive strategies demonstrate a dialectic between normative meaning and contextual significance. The interpreter’s position is rearticulated from a singular authority to a dialogical, intersubjective role. These findings enrich the epistemology of tafsīr by opening up a methodological space that is adaptive, critical, and contextual, thereby addressing the complexities of modern society.
Co-Authors Puspa Vanilla Ratna Sari Munthe