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Agus Septima Ridwan
Program Studi S-1 Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Pamulang

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TANGGUNG GUGAT PERDATA PENYEDIA PLATFORM ATAS KERUGIAN AKIBAT MALAFUNGSI SISTEM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Dedeh Asmariah; Nadia Mega Yuliah; Syafi'il Anam; Agus Septima Ridwan
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20592024

Abstract

The adoption of artificial intelligence technology in digital banking credit assessment systems raises legal questions that remain inadequately resolved within Indonesian civil law, particularly regarding liability when the system fails and harms customers. This study aims to examine the juridical qualification of artificial intelligence system failures as unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, and to formulate the civil liability of platform providers under Article 1367 of the Civil Code. The research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence system failures satisfy all elements of an unlawful act, with fault attributed to the platform provider as the operator of the system rather than to the system itself, which holds the status of an object. Based on the doctrine of vicarious liability and the theory of strict liability, digital banking platform providers bear full responsibility for customer losses and cannot shield themselves behind exoneration clauses in the terms and conditions of service.
KEDUDUKAN DAN LOGIKA HUKUM PEMBUKTIAN PERCERAIAN BERDASARKAN STANDAR DURASI PISAH RUMAH DALAM SEMA NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2023 Lisdayanti; Calvin; Hadi Putra Natanael Sitinjak; Agus Septima Ridwan
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20592076

Abstract

Marriage is a legal institution protected by the state through the principle of making divorce difficult as stipulated in Law Number 1 of 1974. The presence of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023, which stipulates a minimum of six months of separation as a requirement for proving divorce, raises serious normative issues. This study examines the position of the Circular Letter of the Supreme Court (SEMA) in the hierarchy of laws and regulations and examines the consistency of the legal logic that supports it. The method used is normative juridical based on literature studies. The results of the analysis indicate that SEMA Number 3 of 2023 has exceeded its function as an internal technical guideline by adding material requirements not contained in Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975. The exception of domestic violence cases proves that the six-month standard is not an absolute and consistent measure. This study recommends a review of the substance of the SEMA to align with the open norm of Article 19 letter f of Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975.
ANALISIS YURIDIS KETIDAKSINKRONAN PRAKTIK SURAT KUASA KHUSUS BERKELANJUTAN DENGAN PASAL 44 AYAT (1) HURUF A UNDANG-UNDANG MAHKAMAH AGUNG Astria Rosliana Dewi; Kristina Uba Payon; Grardus Jackson Ndu adu; Agus Septima Ridwan
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20592104

Abstract

A special power of attorney is a formal instrument that determines the legal validity of an advocate's representation before the court. Legal practice in Indonesia commonly shows that advocates use a single power of attorney continuously from the first-level court through the cassation stage at the Supreme Court. However, Article 44 paragraph (1) letter a of Law Number 14 of 1985 on the Supreme Court explicitly requires that a representative must be "specially authorized for that purpose" in filing a cassation. This study examines the legal validity of this continuing power of attorney practice and its legal consequences for the advocate's standing and the protection of the client's civil rights. A normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches is employed. The analysis reveals a clear inconsistency between the prevailing practice and the applicable normative provisions, potentially giving rise to formal defects and the risk of a niet ontvankelijke verklaard ruling against the client.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: EVALUASI YURIDIS KLAUSUL EKSONERASI DALAM KONTRAK BAKU E-COMMERCE Dhika Fajri Ramadhan; Alfito Pragaswara; Naila Hairin Nisa; Agus Septima Ridwan
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20663574

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the validity of exculpatory clauses in standardized e-commerce contracts and to assess the civil liability of platforms under Indonesian legal norms. The core problem examined is the widespread inclusion of liability-waiver clauses within the terms and conditions of online shopping applications, which places consumers in a weak position and generates legal uncertainty. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review of fourteen accredited national legal journal articles published over the past ten years, involving coding, synthesis, and normative assessment against statutory texts. The findings reveal an academic consensus that exculpatory clauses within the click-wrap mechanism violate the requirements for a valid agreement under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code because they arise from a defect of will through abuse of circumstances, while also contravening the prohibition in Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law and are therefore void by law. Consequently, the platform still bears full liability based on breach of contract and must compensate the consumer's entire material loss. This study provides a firm juridical evaluation map for practitioners and academics regarding the liability limits of digital platforms in Indonesia.
PERILAKU AKSESIBILITAS MASYARAKAT DAN EVALUASI YURIDIS KEABSAHAN KONTRAK PINJAMAN ONLINE ILEGAL Hupita Damayanti; Adithya Nugraha; Vanza Parci Lukmana; Agus Septima Ridwan
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20663604

Abstract

This research aims to examine the phenomenon of illegal online loans through an interdisciplinary approach combining behavioral consumer psychology analysis and civil law evaluation. The issues raised concern the high accessibility of society to illegal online lending platforms and the validity of the standard digital contracts produced by such transactions. The method employed is normative legal research with an interdisciplinary approach integrating economic psychology and civil law dogmatics. The results reveal two main findings. First, society is driven to borrow from illegal platforms due to the impulse for instant gratification, manipulation of application visual architecture through dark patterns, socio-economic pressures encompassing emergency needs and the Fear of Missing Out phenomenon, and low financial and digital literacy. Second, the standard contracts of illegal online loans are declared invalid and null and void by operation of law for failing to fulfill the capacity requirement and lawful cause as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code.
KONSTRUKSI HUKUM ACARA PERDATA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN EKSEPSI MATERIIL: UPAYA MENGELIMINASI INEFISIENSI PUTUSAN NIET ONTVANKELIJKE VERKLAARD (NO) BERDASARKAN PASAL 136 HIR Muhamad Febin; Danil Wirawan; Risnauli Simanjuntak; Agus Septima Ridwan
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20663639

Abstract

This study examines the inconsistency in the application of Article 136 HIR/162 RBg in Indonesian civil procedural law practice, particularly regarding judicial treatment of material exceptions (eksepsi materiil) that result in Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard (NO) rulings. The legal ideal enshrined in Article 2(4) of Law Number 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power requires proceedings to be simple, fast, and inexpensive. In practice, however, cases that have undergone dozens of evidentiary hearings still conclude with NO rulings on grounds of formal defects in the claim, causing significant temporal and financial harm to justice seekers. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and legal-historical approaches. The findings reveal that the root cause lies in the regulatory nature of Article 136 HIR, which carries no sanction, thereby generating divergent judicial interpretations. A further evaluation demonstrates that prevailing practice substantially contradicts the principle of simple, swift, and affordable adjudication. The strategic recommendation of this study is the urgent formulation of standardized parameters through a Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) or a Supreme Court Circular (SEMA).
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS HAK NORMATIF PENGEMUDI TRANSPORTASI ONLINE DITINJAU DARI STATUS KEMITRAAN KETENAGAKERJAAN Najwa Ardelia Cahyarani; Viona Maylinda Sari; Panji Semangun; Aryo Apsa Wicaksono; Agus Septima Ridwan
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20663687

Abstract

The emergence of online transportation platforms such as Gojek has created a new legal relationship based on a partnership system that formally positions drivers as independent partners rather than employees. This study aims to analyze the legal standing of online transportation drivers within Indonesia's labor law framework and to formulate appropriate legal protections for drivers' normative rights amid the regulatory vacuum in the gig economy. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and analytical approaches through a literature study of applicable laws, standard partnership agreements, and labor law literature. The findings indicate that, in substance, the relationship between drivers and application platforms contains the elements of work, wages, and command as stipulated in Article 1 number 15 of Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower, making the partnership status imposed on drivers a form of corporate legal camouflage. The regulatory vacuum in the gig economy results in drivers losing normative rights such as minimum wage, religious holiday allowances, severance pay, and social security. Regulatory reform that explicitly recognizes the category of platform workers is urgently needed to ensure legal certainty and justice.
Co-Authors Adithya Nugraha Alfito Pragaswara Aryo Apsa Wicaksono Astria Rosliana Dewi Calvin Danil Wirawan Dedeh Asmariah Dhika Fajri Ramadhan Grardus Jackson Ndu adu Hadi Putra Natanael Sitinjak Hupita Damayanti Kristina Uba Payon Lisdayanti Muhamad Febin Nadia Mega Yuliah Naila Hairin Nisa Najwa Ardelia Cahyarani Panji Semangun Risnauli Simanjuntak Syafi'il Anam Vanza Parci Lukmana Viona Maylinda Sari