Bilal Ahmad Ganaie
Assistant Professor (Islamic studies) at Govt. Degree College Pampore, J&K, India

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Development of Muslim Economic Thinking in India in 20th Century Bilal Ahmad Ganaie
Al-Fadilah: Islamic Economics Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Potential and Innovation in Islamic Economic
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/fadilah.v4i1.77

Abstract

The evolution of Muslim economic thought in India throughout the 20th century signifies a notable intellectual response to the socio-economic and political changes instigated by colonial rule, the decline of traditional Islamic institutions, and the rise of modern capitalist and socialist ideologies. This study aims to explore the development of Islamic economic discourse among Indian Muslim scholars, reformers, and institutions during this period. Central to this discourse were the efforts to reconstruct a comprehensive economic system grounded in Islamic principles, including the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), maisir (gambling), and the principles of profit and loss sharing. This paper seeks to examine the foundational framework of Muslim economic thought in India during the 20th century. Key figures such as Manazir Ahsan Gilani, Muhammad Hamidullah, Hafizur Rehman Seohwari, Anwar Iqbal Qureshi, Shaikh Mahmud Ahmad, Abul Ala Mawdudi, M. N. Siddiqi, Muhammad Uzair, Ausaf Ahmad, F. R. Faridi, Abdul Hasib, M. H. Khatkhatay, Azim Ihsan Islahi, and M. Obaiduallah significantly contributed to presenting a systematic critique of Western economic models while proposing a comprehensive Islamic alternative. Furthermore, this study analyzes the role of Islamic economists, bankers, and key figures in shaping this discourse, which ultimately led to the establishment of various interest-free cooperative credit societies, Islamic financial societies, financial associations, and Islamic financial investment companies located in both northern and southern India. The objective of this paper is to understand the indigenous roots of these developments
Islamic Finance in the Globalized World with Special Reference to Equity Over Debt Financing Bilal Ahmad Ganaie
MAQOLAT: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Transformative Islamic Thought Based on the Qur'an
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/maqolat.v3i3.153

Abstract

The Islamic finance industry has significantly established itself in the global financial landscape since the latter half of the 20th century. Its constant substantial growth has surprised even those, not assured of its success earlier. In the economic recession of 2008, Islamic finance was termed as a safe, ethical, and vibrant alternative to the conventional financial system. In 2023, the global financial landscape faced several tough challenges characterized by geopolitical tensions, inflation and excessive debt. Despite these high challenges, the Islamic Financial Service Industry has continuously demonstrated remarkable growth. Approximately, 3.38trillion dollars of the United States is estimated to be engaged in this experiment. It has garnered attention from top global financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and many other reputed financial institutions and it has equally received warm attention from global academic centers like Harvard University, Rice University, London School of Economics, and many other top universities of the world. It is currently operational in more than 75 countries via 550 Islamic financial institutions. Emerging concepts in conventional economics, such as green funds and ethical financing, constitute fundamental elements inherent in the Islamic financial system, which has consequently expanded the scope of the Islamic financial industry. Therefore, the present study explores the scope and viability of Islamic finance in the context of globalization, emphasizing equity financing as a preferable alternative to debt financing. It takes into account, how Islamic financing can help developed and developing countries to build a new world order that would be based on tranquility, cooperation, mutual help, sharing, and caring by relying more on equity financing than on debt financing. The present study discusses the repercussions of interest based debt on global economy and the need of Islamic finance to bloom economies of developed and developing countries at global level by avoiding channels of exploitative practices like interest, debt-trap, in-equality of wealth, etc. which eventually leadsĀ  nations into poverty, debt, abject hunger, and un-employment. The study also examines why the debt relief packages provided to under-developing countries by developed nations have not successfully helped to address the issues of debt trap and in equality of wealth. Furthermore, the study reviews, whether Islamic finance exclusively serves the interests of Muslims only or benefits the whole humanity without any discrimination of caste creed, color, region and religion.