Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.408
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Journal of Business Economics and Agribusiness Journal of Environmental Economics and Sustainability
Aldrees Ansary Guro
Mindanao State University
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Social Sciences

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Problem Tree Analysis in Farm Communities: An Analytical Review of Climate Adaptation and Agrarian Barriers in the Philippines Marsam Usman; Aldrees Ansary Guro; Rasmiah Macabalang-Mama; Reymard Galarrita
Journal of Business Economics and Agribusiness Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): May
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jbea.v3i3.1161

Abstract

This research aimed to examine the climate adaptation deficit in small-scale agriculture in the Philippines through the intersection of socio-ecological and institutional barriers. Specifically, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was employed, where relevant publications were obtained from the Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases between the years 2015 and 2025. Through stringent inclusion criteria, a total of 28 peer-reviewed articles and institutional documents were coded within a multidimensional conceptual framework based on the Problem Tree Analysis Approach. It was found that 67% of the agricultural land was at risk due to natural hazards such as floods in the Bicol River Basin. This main problem was anchored in institutional barriers such as expensive input prices and dwindling labor (24%-30% of the national labor), which resulted in the lack of liquidity required for investment in adaptation initiatives. Institutional gender inequalities existed, as policies were formulated in an autocratic manner that ignored women, who were therefore denied property ownership and access to credit despite having the Magna Carta of Women. Decentralization, therefore, worked best. In practical terms, the study highlighted the need for NEDA and LGUs to move towards decentralized funding packages, as well as the necessity for DAR and DENR to provide long-term land titles to encourage preservation efforts. Lastly, extension services required gender quotas
A Review of Direct Marketing Strategies in the Philippine Smallholder Livestock Sector: Implication for Enterprise Profitability Alnasser Mandangan; Aldrees Ansary Guro; Reymard Galarrita
Journal of Environmental Economics and Sustainability Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): May
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jees.v3i3.1160

Abstract

The livestock subsector plays a significant role in Philippine agriculture and rural livelihoods; however, many smallholder livestock farmers continue to experience limited profitability due to fragmented marketing systems and dependence on intermediary-based trading. This review aimed to examine direct marketing strategies used by Philippine smallholder livestock farmers and evaluate their implications for enterprise profitability and sustainability. While existing literature often focuses on production mechanics, this review addresses a critical gap by uniquely synthesizing recent shifting market dynamics and digital integrations within the smallholder sector. A qualitative narrative review methodology was employed through the synthesis of peer-reviewed studies, government publications, and value-chain analyses published between 2016 and 2026. Data were extracted and structured using a thematic analysis approach, focusing on distinct marketing channels, financial outcomes, and structural constraints. The review identified several direct marketing approaches, including direct-to-consumer farmgate selling, cooperative and collective marketing, institutional market linkages, and emerging digital marketing platforms. Findings indicate that direct marketing can improve producer earnings by reducing intermediary dependence. This enables farmers to capture a greater share of the final selling price, with reported profit gains ranging from 15% to 25%. However, the effectiveness of these strategies is influenced by operational risks, labor demands, weak cold-chain infrastructure, and inconsistent biosecurity systems. Cooperative arrangements and digital market participation emerged as the most promising pathways for improving market access and income stability. The review concludes that strengthening municipal-level processing facilities, cold-chain systems, and market support mechanisms is essential for enhancing the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of Philippine smallholder livestock enterprises.
Co-Authors Alnasser Mandangan Marsam Usman Rasmiah Macabalang-Mama Reymard Galarrita