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All Journal AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment)
Sintha Soraya Santi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia.
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science

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Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Lignosulfonate from Teak Wood Sawdust Lignin via Indirect Sulfonation Anang Mei Adhitama; Basyirotul Hilmi; Sintha Soraya Santi; Susilowati Susilowati; Suprihatin Suprihati
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v10i2.1012

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize Sodium Lignosulfonate (NLS) from teak wood lignin through an indirect sulfonation method. The effect of pH and sulfonation time on the characteristics of the synthesized product was investigated. The sulfonation process was carried out using a sulfonating agent under controlled conditions with variations in pH and reaction time. The obtained product was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify functional groups and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to evaluate absorbance behavior. The FTIR results indicated the presence of sulfonate groups (-SO?), confirming the successful formation of sodium lignosulfonate. Meanwhile, UV-Vis analysis showed variations in absorbance corresponding to changes in pH and sulfonation time, indicating differences in the degree of sulfonation. The results were compared with previous studies and showed consistent characteristics of sodium lignosulfonate. This study demonstrates that pH and sulfonation time significantly influence the properties of the synthesized product.
Study of the Delignification Process of Green Algae (Chlorophyceae) for ?-Cellulose Production Sulis Safaatin Hidayah; Shafa Alika Wulandari; Sintha Soraya Santi; Ketut Sumada; Ni Ketut Sari
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v10i2.1129

Abstract

Green algae (Chlorophyceae) are a lignocellulosic biomass with considerable potential as a source of ?-cellulose due to their relatively high cellulose content. This study aimed to produce ?-cellulose via alkaline delignification and to investigate the effects of NaOH concentration and delignification time on the resulting product's characteristics. The delignification process was carried out using NaOH concentrations ranging from 6% to 14% and delignification times of 30–90 min at 60°C. The resulting product were analyzed using the Chesson-Datta method and further characterized by FTIR and SEM analyses, while process optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimum conditions were achieved at an NaOH concentration of 8% and a delignification time of 45 min, yielding an ?-cellulose content of 51.2%, a hemicellulose content of 16.9%, and a lignin content of 5.4%. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups characteristic of ?-cellulose, whereas SEM observations revealed morphological changes in the fiber surface, which became rougher and more porous due to the removal of lignin and hemicellulose. RSM optimization predicted optimum conditions yielding 51.234% ?-cellulose, 12.990% hemicellulose, and 4.963% lignin. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and InfrastructureSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate ActionSDG 14: Life Below WaterSDG 15: Life on Land
Co-Authors Anang Mei Adhitama Basyirotul Hilmi Ketut Sumada Ni ketut sari Shafa Alika Wulandari Sulis Safaatin Hidayah Suprihatin Suprihati Susilowati Susilowati