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All Journal AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment)
Adityas Agung Ramandani
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science

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Wet Impregnation Synthesis of Green NCC/TiO2 Hybrid Materials Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Teodora Merry Meriba Vica Juliana Br Lumbanraja; Raihan Navil Junizal; SINTA SORAYA SANTI; Ika Nawang Puspitawati; Perwitasari; Srie Mulnani; Sani; Adityas Agung Ramandani
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v10i2.1023

Abstract

The high volume of agricultural waste in Indonesia, particularly Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), presents a significant opportunity for the development of sustainable, high-value materials. While Titanium Dioxide (TiO?) is widely recognized for its photocatalytic efficiency, its practical application is often hindered by particle agglomeration, which reduces its effective surface area. This research aims to overcome these limitations by synthesizing and characterizing a green hybrid material using Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) derived from OPEFB as a renewable support matrix. The methodology involved the isolation of NCC through sequential delignification and acid hydrolysis, followed by the synthesis of the NCC/TiO? nanocomposite via the wet impregnation method. The research utilized Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the synthesis process. The process variables investigated included the NCC-to-TiO? ratio (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% w/w) and stirring time (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 minutes), with the final nanocomposite mass serving as the primary response. The results showed that the NCC yield from OPEFB was 43.78%. The optimum condition was achieved at an NCC ratio of 50% and a stirring time of 100 minutes, yielding a nanocomposite mass of 8.8975 grams. Characterization results that the high surface area of the NCC successfully stabilized the TiO? particles with particles measuring 27.52 nm. This study demonstrates that the integration of RSM with green material synthesis provides a highly effective and sustainable approach to valorising palm oil waste into functional photocatalytic hybrid materials. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and InfrastructureSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate ActionSDG 15: Life on Land
Optimization of Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil By Transesterification Process in A Microwave Ika Yuliana Wati; Rosavinda Nurfauziah; Susilowati; Ika Nawang Puspitawati; Diyah Suci Perwitasari; Suprihatin; Adityas Agung Ramandani
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v9i3.867

Abstract

The rising energy demand in Indonesia is driving the development of biodiesel as a sustainable, renewable fuel. Waste cooking oil has the potential as a biodiesel feedstock due to its abundant availability and relatively low cost. Biodiesel is generally produced via transesterification, but conventional heating methods have limitations, such as long reaction times and high energy consumption. Therefore, microwave-based heating is used as an alternative to improve process efficiency through rapid, even heating. This research aims to' optimize biodiesel synthesis from used cooking oil using a microwave-assisted transesterification process with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approaches. The process variables studied include catalyst' concentration (1', 2, 3, 4, and' 5%w/w) and' reaction time (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes), with biodiesel yield as the main response. A mathematical model was developed using an appropriate experimental design and statistically validated using ANOVA to assess the model's significance and the effects of interactions between variables. The research results showed the highest biodiesel yield at 4% catalyst with a reaction time of 6 minutes. The RSM method, validated by ANOVA, was effective in determining optimum operating conditions and increasing biodiesel yield. This approach has the potential to be applied as a highly effective and sustainable method for biodiesel production from used cooking oil. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 7: Affordable and Clean EnergySDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate ActionSDG 15: Life on' Land
Co-Authors Diyah Suci Perwitasari Ika Nawang Puspitawati Ika Nawang Puspitawati Ika Yuliana Wati Perwitasari Raihan Navil Junizal Rosavinda Nurfauziah Sani SINTA SORAYA SANTI Srie Mulnani Suprihatin Susilowati Teodora Merry Meriba Vica Juliana Br Lumbanraja