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All Journal Socius: Social Sciences Research Journal
Ramsiah Tasruddin
Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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The Philosophy of Science: Rationalism and Empiricism Irgi I; Ramsiah Tasruddin
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 11 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20437536

Abstract

This study examines the comparison between rationalism and empiricism from an epistemological perspective. These two schools of thought hold opposing principles regarding the sources, validity, and modes of reasoning in acquiring knowledge. The objectives of this study are to describe the background of the emergence of both schools, analyze the sources of knowledge, explain the criteria for truth validity, and describe the modes of reasoning of rationalism and empiricism. The method used is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach and library research. The results show that rationalism emerged from the crisis of scholastic thought and the scientific revolution of the 17th century; its source of knowledge is reason (a priori knowledge), and truth validity is universal and certain through the deductive method. Empiricism emerged as a critique of rationalism; its source of knowledge is sensory experience (a posteriori knowledge), and truth validity is contingent and open to revision through the inductive method, which serves as the foundation of modern scientific methodology. In conclusion, although fundamentally opposed in principle, the two schools complement each other in contemporary scientific practice. An integrative understanding of rationalism and empiricism is crucial in the information age as a foundation for critical, systematic, and responsible thinking in education, research, and public policy.
The Definition and Scope of Philosopichal Inquiry Fauzan Abdillah Syihab; Ramsiah Tasruddin
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 11 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20425677

Abstract

This study aims to dissect in depth the nature of philosophy and its scope of study as the foundation of scientific thinking. As the "mother of all sciences," philosophy plays a crucial role in guiding humans to think critically, radically, and systematically amidst the rapid development of science and technology. The method used in this paper is a literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach. The focus of the discussion encompasses the definition of philosophy both etymologically and terminologically, the characteristics of philosophical thinking, and the three main pillars of the philosophy of science: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The results of the study indicate that philosophical understanding is not merely an abstract theory, but an analytical tool for understanding the nature of truth, the methodology of acquiring knowledge, and the moral responsibility in utilizing science for civilization.
Co-Authors Fauzan Abdillah Syihab Irgi I