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Choirul RiO Prabowo
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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DESIGN ESP32-CAM-BASED TACTICAL RECONNAISSANCE ROBOT WITH IMAGE PROCESSING FEATURES TO SUPPORT INFANTRY OPERATIONS IN HIGH-RISK AREAS: Analisis Kinerja Kualitas Transmisi Video dan Akurasi Deteksi Ancaman Manusia sukamdani; Widya Chilyatul; Choirul RiO Prabowo
Elektronika Sistem Senjata Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Elkasista
Publisher : Pustaka Poltekad

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54317/elka.v7i1.743

Abstract

Abstract: Infantry operations in urban warfare or confined areas present high risks to personnel due to blind spots and ambush threats. The deployment of commercial military robots to address this issue is often hindered by prohibitive costs and low portability. This study aims to design and build a cost-effective and disposable tactical reconnaissance robot based on the ESP32-CAM microcontroller with a tracked chassis mechanism to support maneuvers in rubble terrain. The system is developed using a Client-Server architecture to transmit video and telemetry data, integrating image processing algorithms on the edge device for real-time human threat detection. Field tests were conducted to validate system performance in terms of communication range, latency, and detection accuracy. The results show that the robot operates effectively within a safe radius of 50-60 meters (Line of Sight) with an average video transmission latency of 160ms at HVGA resolution (320x240 pixels), which serves as the optimal point for control responsiveness. The object detection feature recognizes human faces with 95% accuracy at a distance of 1 meter, making it relevant as a close-range early warning system (Close Quarter Battle). This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing low-cost technology as a strategic support asset to enhance the Situational Awareness (SA) UGV of infantry forces. Keywords: ESP32-CAM, Image Processing, Infantry, Reconnaissance Robot, Situational Awareness, UGV.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMI-AUTONOMOUS HYBRID NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR MILITARY RECONNAISSANCE OPERATIONS USING MULTI-CONSTELLATION GNSS AND EDGE COMPUTING: Studi Implementasi Multi-Konstelasi GNSS dan Edge Computing Berbasis Raspberry Pi 5 Hary Syahputra; Danira Irin; Choirul RiO Prabowo
Elektronika Sistem Senjata Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Elkasista
Publisher : Pustaka Poltekad

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54317/elka.v7i1.744

Abstract

Abstract: Military reconnaissance operations in urban warfare environments demand high safety standards for infantry personnel. However, conventional Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) are often hindered by teleoperation latency and poor standard GPS accuracy in Non-Line-of-Sight areas. This study aims to develop a semi-autonomous hybrid navigation system integrating a Multi-Constellation GNSS module (u-blox Neo-M9N) with Raspberry Pi 5-based Edge Computing technology. The research method employs an experimental engineering design approach to validate navigation performance through static and dynamic testing. The results demonstrate that Multi-GNSS integration significantly improves positioning precision, reducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by 73.5% from 3.10 meters to 0.82 meters compared to standard GPS modules. Furthermore, the utilization of Raspberry Pi 5 successfully cut navigation algorithm processing latency from 207 ms (on ESP32) to 7.5 ms, effectively minimizing blind distance during high-speed maneuvers. This system proves capable of enhancing reconnaissance operation reliability with minimal path deviation, offering a precise and responsive tactical solution to support situational awareness in conflict zones. Keywords: Edge Computing, Military Reconnaissance Robot, Multi-GNSS, Hybrid Navigation, Raspberry Pi 5.
Co-Authors Danira Irin Hary Syahputra sukamdani Widya Chilyatul