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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies (Indones. J. Chem. Stud.)
Elda Pratita
Department of Chemistry, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, IPSC Sentul, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Chemistry

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Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Magnesium-Teflon-Viton (MTV) and Aluminum-Teflon-Viton (ATV) Flares Satria Aqila Widyatama; Elda Pratita; Gunaryo Gunaryo; Minandre Wiratama; Anggaria Maharani
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Indones. J. Chem. Stud. December 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v4i2.95

Abstract

The development of effective pyrotechnic flare compositions is critical for advancing indigenous defense capabilities. This study presents a comparative analysis of two formulations, Magnesium-Teflon-Viton (MTV) and Aluminum-Teflon-Viton (ATV) to evaluate their suitability for application in decoy systems within Indonesia’s defense sector. Key performance factors, including luminosity, combustion temperature, burn rate, and spectral color distribution, were assessed through controlled laboratory experiments. The MTV composition demonstrated superior luminous intensity, reaching up to 3572.5 lux, alongside broader spectral color output, indicating enhanced visibility and potential effectiveness in visual signaling applications. Conversely, the ATV composition exhibited higher average burn rates, peaking at 5.55 g/s, which suggests greater combustion efficiency and faster energy release, advantageous for time-sensitive deployments. Both systems maintained comparable combustion temperatures, with variations attributed to compositional differences in fuel-metal interactions and binder behavior. This study emphasizes the trade-offs between brightness and combustion kinetics inherent in flare formulations and provides valuable insights for optimizing material selection according to mission-specific applications. The results obtained in this study are expected to contribute to the creation of independence in defense material development by utilizing locally available resources and promoting domestic innovation in pyrotechnic technology.
The Performance of Red Flares Mg/Sr(NO₃)₂/PVC Compositions Modified with KIO₄ Additives Elda Pratita; Gunaryo; Minandre Wiratama; Anggaria Maharani; Astrid Blandina; Shella Athaya Miwazuki; Satria Aqilla Widyatama
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Indones. J. Chem. Stud. June 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/ijcs.v5i1.103

Abstract

This study analyzes the enhancement of red signal flare efficacy for defense applications by formulating Mg/Sr(NO₃)₂/PVC-based pyrotechnics, utilizing various quantities of potassium periodate (KIO₄) as a secondary oxidizer. The addition of KIO₄ is significant as it provides extra oxygen, modifies combus6tion kinetics, raises flame temperature, and enhances the stimulating effect of red-emitting species—mechanisms that together may increase luminous output and stabilize the emitted spectrum band. Performance was assessed by measuring light intensity, dominant wavelength, burn rate, and color purity; spectral and image-based color analyses were performed using ImageJ. Results indicate that formulations containing up to 10% KIO₄ achieve a peak light intensity of 3,173.33 lux, a dominant wavelength of 638.16 nm, a burn rate of 2.01 g/s, and an estimated photon-energy efficiency of 3.54 × 10⁻¹⁹ J, with red emission reaching optimal purity at this composition. Compared to the baseline formulation without KIO₄, KIO₄-containing compositions showed markedly higher intensity and improved spectral stability, faster and more consistent burn behavior, and enhanced color purity—whereas the formulation without KIO₄ exhibited lower luminous output, broader or shifted spectral features, and reduced color stability. The novelty of this work lies in applying potassium periodate as a secondary oxidizer in the Mg/Sr(NO₃)₂/PVC system—an approach that, to our knowledge, has been little explored—and demonstrating its dual benefit for optical performance and combustion behavior. The findings support the recommendation of the 10% KIO₄ formulation as the most effective balance of visual and combustion performance for red signal flares.
Co-Authors Anggaria Maharani Anggaria Maharani Astrid Blandina Gunaryo Gunaryo Gunaryo Minandre Wiratama Satria Aqila Widyatama Satria Aqilla Widyatama Shella Athaya Miwazuki