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All Journal Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology
Ika Cucu Kartika
Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia
Education Public Health

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The Role of Mindful Parenting, Parental Income, and Maternal Anger with Early Children Ika Cucu Kartika; Fivi Nurwianti
Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology VOL 15 NO 2 JUNE 2026
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/jehcp.vi.32103

Abstract

Maternal anger during early childhood caregiving may undermine parent–child interactions and children’s socio-emotional development. This study examined whether mindful parenting and parental income were associated with and predicted maternal anger among mothers of young children. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 260 mothers selected through purposive sampling. Participants completed the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P), a parental income measure, and the Parent Anger Scale. Spearman rank correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted using SPSS. The results showed that mindful parenting was significantly and negatively associated with maternal anger. Mindful parenting and parental income also jointly and independently predicted maternal anger, with mindful parenting emerging as the strongest predictor. Among the dimensions of mindful parenting, Non-Judgmental and Compassion for Child (NJCC) made the largest contribution. These findings suggest that mindful parenting, particularly non-judgmental and compassionate attitudes toward children, may serve as an important protective factor against maternal anger in early childhood caregiving contexts.
Co-Authors Fivi Nurwianti