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All Journal Al-Muyassar: Journal of Arabic Education Englisia
Nasruddin
State Institute of Islamic Studies Langsa
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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English foreign language learners’ reluctance to speak English in higher education Fakhrurrazi; M. Fadli; Nasruddin
Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026): Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/englisia.133

Abstract

Reluctance to speak English remains a persistent challenge for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in higher education, where oral participation is essential for academic engagement and communicative competence. Despite years of formal instruction, a considerable number of university students continue to avoid English communication, suggesting that their reluctance extends beyond purely linguistic limitations. This study investigates the characteristics and determinants of EFL students' reluctance to speak English, with particular attention to the interplay of affective, linguistic, and contextual factors. Employing a mixed-methods design, data were collected from undergraduate EFL students at four public universities in Indonesia using a structured questionnaire containing Likert-scale items. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were examined using inductive thematic analysis. The findings indicate that students' speaking reluctance is a multifaceted phenomenon predominantly shaped by speaking anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, diminished self-perceived communicative competence, and instructional approaches that prioritize accuracy over interaction. Silence emerged as a context-dependent, psychologically motivated response rather than an indicator of disengagement. Institutional expectations, hierarchical classroom dynamics, and limited opportunities for low-risk oral practice further exacerbated learners' reluctance. This study advances EFL speaking research by conceptualizing speaking reluctance as an affective-interactional dimension closely linked to willingness to communicate and classroom silence in higher education settings. Pedagogically, the findings underscore the necessity for anxiety-sensitive instruction and the creation of psychologically safe communicative environments.
Language Court and the Stagnation of Foreign Language in the Pesantren: Case Study in Bustanul Ulum Langsa, Aceh Hatta Sabri; Nasruddin; Ahmad Tarmizi; Hicham Khaldi
Al-Muyassar: Journal of Arabic Education Vol 5 No 2 (2026): Al-Muyassar: Journal of Arabic Education
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31000/1qbjw403

Abstract

The stagnation of Arabic and English language learning in Islamic boarding schools not only lowers the linguistic proficiency of students but also affects the institution’s reputation. This study aims to analyse the causes of the stagnation in the foreign language environment at Pesantren Bustanul Ulum, Aceh, which appears to stem from the dysfunction of the mahkamah lughah (language court) system. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 24 informants selected through purposive sampling, comprising language coordinators, dormitory supervisors, students (Student Council members and language section representatives), alumni, and parents. Data analysis was conducted thematically. The research findings indicate that the primary factor behind the stagnation of language development is the conflict between the disciplinary sanctions of the ‘mahkamah lughah’ and the Child Protection Act. This obstacle has triggered resistance from parents, the criminalisation or intimidation of teachers, and has resulted in a policy dilemma for the foundation, which tends to adopt a passive stance. This study recommends the need to reconstruct the Mahkamah Lughah system based on positive, child-friendly discipline without compromising the essence of language enforcement.
Co-Authors Ahmad Tarmizi Fakhrurrazi Hatta Sabri Hicham Khaldi M. Fadli