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All Journal VISIKES Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research
Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah
Universitas Megarezky, Makassar
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity and Effectiveness of Ciplukan Leaf Extract (Physalis angulata L.) on the Growth of Salmonella typhi Isolates Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah; Ayusti Dirga Dirga; Husnul N Khatimah; Muarifah Muarifah
VISIKES Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): VISIKES
Publisher : Dian Nuswantoro Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60074/visikes.v25i1.15255

Abstract

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and effectiveness of ciplukan leaf extract (Physalis angulata L.) against Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. The experiment was conducted using the disk diffusion method to measure inhibition zones at various extract concentrations. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are associated with antibacterial properties. The extract showed the highest inhibitory effect at 40% concentration (25 mm) and the lowest at 5% concentration (18.67 mm). Paired t-test analysis yielded a significance value of 0.434, indicating no significant difference between the first and second observation days. These findings suggest that the antibacterial activity of ciplukan leaf extract is relatively stable and effective. Therefore, ciplukan leaf extract has potential as a natural antibacterial agent and a candidate for phytopharmaceutical development in the management of typhoid infection.
Optimasi Durasi Fiksasi Alkohol 96% sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pap Smear pada Fasilitas Kesehatan dengan Sumber Daya Terbatas Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah; Wiwin Marsenda; Ka'bah Ka'bah
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research Vol 7 No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi (FKPT)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/jharma.v7i2.9734

Abstract

Cervical cancer requires early detection through Pap smear cytology, but its diagnostic accuracy in health facilities with limited resources is often hampered by the variability of preparation quality due to fixation. This study aims to optimize the duration of 96% alcohol fixation on the quality of Pap smear preparations as a basis for developing standard operating procedures (SOPs). The study used a repeated measures experimental design on eight tightly controlled samples to minimize confounding variables, resulting in 24 observations with varying durations of 5, 15, and 30 minutes. Preparation quality was objectively assessed using a structured scoring system based on modified Bethesda criteria that include nuclear morphology, cytoplasmic characteristics, and background clarity. The results showed a statistically significant difference (Friedman test, p = 0.001). A duration of 30 minutes consistently provided optimal results across all samples. Although this is a preliminary study with a limited number of samples, consistent results in the repeated measures design indicate a duration of 30 minutes as the most ideal fixation condition to maintain cell integrity. These findings provide an empirical basis for resource-constrained laboratories to standardize fixation procedures to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Co-Authors Ayusti Dirga Dirga Husnul N Khatimah Ka'bah Ka'bah Muarifah Muarifah Wiwin Marsenda