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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara
M. Mamduh Winangun
Pendidikan Tata Rias, Program Studi di Luar Kampus Utama, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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ANALISIS RENDAHNYA KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA INDONESIA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF TEORI BELAJAR KOGNITIF DALAM SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN MODERN Natasha Aditya Putri; M. Mamduh Winangun; Sri Usodoningtyas
JURNAL ILMIAH NUSANTARA Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara Juli 2026
Publisher : CV. KAMPUS AKADEMIK PUBLISING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61722/jinu.v3i4.10416

Abstract

This article discusses the problem of low critical thinking skills among students in Indonesia in a modern learning context. This can be seen from global data and field reports which show that many students tend to rely on rote memorization rather than systematically analyzing and evaluating information. The aim of this article is to examine this problem through a cognitivism theory approach and formulate alternative solutions that are appropriate to the educational context in Indonesia. The method used is a literature review using secondary data, including reports on education, PISA data, and a national scientific journal as the main reference. The learning theory chosen is cognitivism, with an emphasis on cognitive development according to Piaget, the zone of proximal development by Vygotsky, as well as the principles of learning based on discovery and information processing. The results of the analysis show that low critical thinking skills are closely related to the mismatch between students' cognitive stages, the dominance of passive learning by rote memorization, and an assessment system that still focuses on results. This article recommends the application of a problem-based learning model, collaboration in discussion, and assessment that pays attention to the process as the main solution to improve students' critical thinking skills using a cognitivism theory approach.
PENERAPAN TEORI PEMBELAJARAN BEHAVIORISTIK UNTUK MENGATASI MOTIVASI RENDAH DAN PERILAKU TIDAK SADAR SISWA DI SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH INDONESIA Althaf Reifa Ardhana; M. Mamduh Winangun
JURNAL ILMIAH NUSANTARA Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara Juli 2026
Publisher : CV. KAMPUS AKADEMIK PUBLISING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61722/jinu.v3i4.10466

Abstract

This article discusses behavioristic learning theory that can be implemented to address two common problems in Indonesian schools, namely low student motivation to participate in the learning process and undisciplined behavior in the classroom. Based on educational reports and several studies, many students appear less enthusiastic in learning, rarely actively engage during lessons, and often violate rules, such as arriving late, leaving the classroom without permission, or failing to follow regulations. In behavioristic theory, the learning process is defined as a directly observable change in behavior. This change occurs due to the relationship between stimulus and response, and through consistent reinforcement and punishment. This article also demonstrates several ways teachers can implement the theory, such as providing clear rewards and consequences, shaping good behavior through repeated practice, and using techniques like token economy (point or reward systems) and shaping (gradually forming behavior). If implemented properly, this approach can increase students' extrinsic motivation, encourage them to be more active in class, and improve discipline. Over time, these positive behaviors can develop into habits.
Co-Authors Althaf Reifa Ardhana Natasha Aditya Putri Sri Usodoningtyas