Wedana, I Wayan Bagus Citra
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KONSEPSI SIWA-BUDDHA DALAM KAKAWIN NILACANDRA Heri Purwanto; Wedana, I Wayan Bagus Citra
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v17i1.6308

Abstract

The complexity of the encounter between Saivism and Buddhism in the Nusantara archipelago is often perceived as a simple phenomenon, whereas it possesses profound theological depth within specific literary texts. This study aims to analyze the theological conception of Siwa-Buddha in the Kakawin Nilacandra. The method employed is qualitative, utilizing a textual study or philological approach through content analysis of the stanzas in the Kakawin Nilacandra. The findings reveal that this text presents a unique perspective on the theological collaboration between Siva and Buddha within cosmology. Divine figures from both traditions are considered essentially equivalent, such as the identification of Hyang Iswara with Amoghasiddhi and Mahadewa with Amitabha. Furthermore, it can be argued that the Siva-Buddha teaching constitutes a well-established and enduring doctrine, as it perceives God’s immanent presence within both natural elements and the human body. Consequently, this doctrine serves as a philosophical foundation for religious harmony that remains relevant to the present day.
Implementasi Sarira Samskara dalam Upacara Manusa Yadnya di Bali dan Perannya dalam Transformasi Tubuh serta Jiwa Harsananda, Hari; Wedana, I Wayan Bagus Citra
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 17 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v17i1.6383

Abstract

This article aims to examine the concept of sarira samskara in ancient Hindu teachings and its implementation in the manusa yadnya ceremony in Bali, while analyzing its role in the process of transformation of the human body and soul. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, through a review of relevant holy scriptures, palm-leaf manuscripts, books, and scientific journals. The results of the study indicate that sarira samskara is a series of purification ceremonies that accompany the journey of human life from the conception phase (garbhadana) to marriage (wiwaha). In the Balinese context, this concept is embodied in various forms of manusa yadnya such as magedong-gedongan, nyambutin, otonan, metatah, pawintenan, mejaya-jaya, and pawiwahan. Each stage of the ceremony functions not only as a symbolic ritual, but also as a medium of spiritual education that transforms the physical aspect through bodily purification, and the spiritual aspect through the instillation of dharmic values, mantras, prayers, and character building. Thus, sarira samskara (manusa yadnya) can be understood as a holistic development system that guides humans towards awareness of the essence of the self as atman, a divine spark that is in the process of moving towards the ultimate goal of life, namely moksa.