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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Khaswar Syamsu
Agroindustrial Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, IPB University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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FORMULATION OF KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN AND CARRAGEENAN-BASED HARD CAPSULE Winda Herman; Titi Candra Sunarti; Sapta Raharja; Khaswar Syamsu
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2026.36.1.1

Abstract

Commercial hard capsules are primarily manufactured from bovine or porcine gelatine, which often restricts consumer choice owing to religious concerns and vegetarian lifestyles. Konjac glucomannan demonstrates superiority as a gelling and film-forming material, making it a highly potential gelatin substitute in the manufacture of hard capsules. The objectives of this study was to design and determine the optimum conditions for a hard capsule formula based on konjac glucomannan and carrageenan. This study was employed response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables analyzed were the ratios of konjac glucomannan (2.5%, 3%, and 3.5%; X1), carrageenan (1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%; X2), and glycerol (0, 0.125%, and 0.250%; X3). The dependent response variables analysed were capsule moisture content and disintegration time. The moisture content ranged from 5.6% to 15.9%, indicating that higher ratios of konjac glucomannan and glycerol resulted in higher capsule moisture content. Capsule disintegration time ranged from 10.12 to 24.25 min, indicating that a higher glycerol ratio accelerated the hard capsule destruction time. The capsule moisture content and disintegration time were significantly influenced by the raw material used and the resulting capsule specifications. Keywords: carrageenan, formula optimization, hard capsule, konjac glucomannan
Co-Authors Sapta Raharja Titi Candra Sunarti Winda Herman