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All Journal Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Rahmayanti
Universitas Pembangunan Pancabudi
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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AN EVALUATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF ADEQUACY IN THE U.S. AND INDONESIA RECIPROCAL TRADE AGREEMENT Abdul Azis Ali Ramdlani; Rahmayanti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

International trade today is no longer limited to the pricing of physical commodities; it has shifted toward the exchange of data, digital services, and high-tech investments. In this dynamic, the Adequacy Principle emerges as a key instrument. Article 56 of Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP) stipulates that cross-border data transfers are only permitted if the destination country has: (1) an equivalent or higher level of PDP, or (2) adequate and legally binding PDP measures, or (3) the consent of the data subject. To date, the Government Regulation—which is intended to establish the aforementioned equivalence criteria as a derivative of Article 56 has not yet been issued. In Article 3.2 Agreement Between The United States Of America And The Republic Of Indonesia On Reciprocal regarding Trade Data Transfers The principle of adequacy in U.S.-Indonesia trade relations remains asymmetrical. The United States tends to use adequacy as a leverage tool for global standardization, while Indonesia is still in a transitional phase of aligning domestic regulations (such as the PDP Law) to gain international recognition. Major Obstacles to Achieving a Mutually Beneficial Adequacy Status in U.S. and Indonesia Trade Relations include Differences in Cross-Border Data Protection Paradigms, Differences in Cross Border Data Protection Paradigms, Misalignment of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Enforcement Standards, and Regulatory Inconsistencies and Legal Uncertainty in Indonesia
LEGAL PROTECTION OF PATIENT MEDICAL RECORD DATA IN TELEMEDICINE HEALTH SERVICES BASED ON LAW NUMBER 17 OF 2023 CONCERNING HEALTH AND LAW NUMBER 27 OF 2022 CONCERNING PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION Andreas Henfri Situngkir; Rahmayanti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, Personal Data is a fundamental right that must be protected in every healthcare service interaction and in Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health is the legal basis for regulating Health in addition to that until now legal clarity regarding licensing and permits that regulate Telemedicine healthcare services is also regulated in Minister of Health Regulation Number 20 of 2019 which stipulates that medical personnel and healthcare facilities must obtain a license to carry out telemedicine. In the practice of online healthcare consultations, medical data protection is highly dependent on the technological system used by the service provider. Digital healthcare platforms generally rely on website-based databases or applications connected to the internet network. Legal protection in Telemedicine services must be able to protect the dignity of recipients and healthcare providers in the implementation of Telemedicine so that their rights and obligations can be fulfilled in line with human rights inherent from birth.
LEGAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DAPODIK DATA FORGERY IN PKBM NON-FORMAL EDUCATIONAL UNITS Munawir; Rahmayanti
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

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Abstract

The digitalization of Indonesia's education system has provided the Basic Education Data (Dapodik) as a national database that supports administration, planning, and the distribution of educational assistance. In practice, the use of the Dapodik system in non-formal education units, such as Community Learning Centers (PKBM), still faces various issues, one of which is administrative data falsification. This data manipulation can include the inclusion of fictitious students, the manipulation of study group numbers, and the use of educator data that does not reflect actual conditions. These actions not only impact the validity of education policies but also have the potential to cause state losses and legal violations. This study aims to analyze the forms of Dapodik data falsification in PKBM, examine the legal accountability of data falsifiers, and analyze the role of technology in detecting and preventing educational data manipulation. The study uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach and an information technology approach. Data sources were obtained through library research, including legislation, legal literature, scientific journals, and various studies on educational information systems and cases of Dapodik data falsification. The research results indicate that the practice of falsifying Dapodik data occurs due to a weak monitoring system, suboptimal data validation, and low integrity of educational administration managers. From a legal perspective, these actions can be categorized as a form of document falsification and misuse of electronic systems, which are potentially subject to sanctions under criminal law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Furthermore, advances in information technology can be utilized as a preventative measure through the implementation of automated validation systems, population data integration, digital audits, and artificial intelligence-based monitoring to detect irregular data.
Co-Authors Abdul Azis Ali Ramdlani Andreas Henfri Situngkir Munawir