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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal PENA LAW: International Journal of Law
Indah Riyanti
Doctor of Law Studies Program, Postgraduate Program - Jayabaya University, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Bridging Constitutional Regulations and International Standards in Political Finance: Preventing Electoral Corruption from a Comparative Perspective: Bridging Constitutional Regulations and International Standards in Political Finance: Preventing Electoral Corruption from a Comparative Perspective Mad Romli; Indah Riyanti; Supaphorn Akkapin
PENA LAW: International Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): May
Publisher : Yayasan Pusat Cendekiawan Intelektual Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56107/penalaw.v4i1.291

Abstract

Electoral corruption triggered by opaque political financing systems poses a serious threat to democratic integrity in many countries. Although international legal instruments such as UNCAC and GRECO guidelines have established principles of transparency and accountability, many national constitutions have not effectively adopted these norms. This study analyzes the normative and institutional gaps between constitutional regulations and international standards in political financing in five jurisdictions: Indonesia, Germany, the United States, Brazil, and South Korea. Using a legal-normative approach and comparative law methods, it finds that the absence of constitutional recognition of political financing principles weakens the effectiveness of oversight and opens space for systemic electoral corruption. This article contributes to the global discourse by proposing a hybrid legal model that combines constitutional transparency mandates, the independence of oversight institutions, and public accountability mechanisms. This study encourages the harmonization of national political financing regimes with international anti-corruption frameworks to strengthen democratic legitimacy and governance.
Constitutional Dimensions of Land Rights in the Era of Climate Change and Food Security: A Transnational Perspective from Indonesia: Constitutional Dimensions of Land Rights in the Era of Climate Change and Food Security: A Transnational Perspective from Indonesia Astrid Ardhiati; Indah Riyanti; Tubagus Achmad Doradjat
PENA LAW: International Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): May
Publisher : Yayasan Pusat Cendekiawan Intelektual Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56107/penalaw.v4i1.305

Abstract

Land rights are constitutionally guaranteed in Indonesia, yet their role in addressing global challenges of climate change and food security remains underdeveloped. This study explores the constitutional dimensions of land rights in relation to climate change adaptation and food security, while situating Indonesia within international legal frameworks such as the Paris Agreement, ICESCR, and VGGT. Using a normative juridical method combined with comparative and transnational analysis, the research examines constitutional provisions, agrarian regulations, and relevant international norms. The findings reveal a persistent gap between the normative ideals of Article 33(3) of the 1945 Constitution—which mandates land use for the prosperity of the people—and policy implementation that often prioritizes economic growth over ecological sustainability. Comparative insights from India, Brazil, and South Africa demonstrate how land rights can function as constitutional tools to enhance resilience and food security. By contrast, Indonesia’s fragmented agrarian, food, and climate policies undermine this constitutional potential. This study argues for a reinterpretation of constitutional land rights, shifting from an economic orientation toward a sustainability paradigm. The novelty lies in connecting land rights with the Right to Food and sustainable development, offering theoretical enrichment to constitutional law discourse and practical policy guidance for aligning national agrarian governance with international obligations.
Co-Authors Astrid Ardhiati Mad Romli Supaphorn Akkapin Tubagus Achmad Doradjat