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All Journal IIJSE Danadyaksa: Post Modern Economy Journal
Siti Aisyah Hidayati
Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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The Effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Exchange Rate, and Gross Domestic Product on Non-Performing Loans with Inflation as a Moderating Variable in National Private Banks in Indonesia Lutfiyanti; Lalu Hamdani Husman; Siti Aisyah Hidayati
Danadyaksa: Post Modern Economy Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Post Modern Economy Journal
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Bustanul Ulum Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69965/danadyaksa.v4i1.247

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), exchange rate, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on Non-Performing Loans (NPL) with inflation as a moderating variable in national private banks in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with panel data for the 2019–2023 period. The research sample consisted of 38 national private banks selected using purposive sampling technique. The analytical method used is panel data regression with Random Effect Model (REM) and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that CAR and LDR have a positive and significant effect on NPL, the exchange rate has a negative and significant effect on NPL, while GDP has no significant effect on NPL. Inflation is unable to moderate the influence of CAR, LDR, and exchange rate on NPL, but is proven to moderate the relationship between GDP and NPL. This research provides important implications for banking management and policy makers in maintaining the stability of the banking sector.
The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability with Market Volatility as a Moderating Variable: Evidence from Indonesian Automotive Firms M Arya Jamsury; Siti Aisyah Hidayati; Lalu Hamdani Husnan
Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Sharia Economics
Publisher : Universitas KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31538/iijse.v9i2.10534

Abstract

The automotive manufacturing sector in Indonesia experienced significant financial pressure during and after the COVID-19 pandemic due to declining vehicle demand, exchange rate fluctuations, and increased market uncertainty. These conditions impacted corporate capital structure decisions and financial performance. This study addresses the issue of whether capital structure affects financial performance and whether market volatility moderates this relationship. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of capital structure, as represented by the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and the Debt-to-Assets Ratio (DAR), on financial performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), and to examine the moderating role of market volatility, as represented by Beta (β). This study employs a quantitative associative approach using panel data from 13 automotive manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2024 period, resulting in 78 observations. Data were collected from annual financial reports and analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with EViews software. The findings indicate that DER and DAR have a negative and significant effect on ROA, indicating that higher leverage reduces corporate profitability. Furthermore, market volatility significantly moderates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance. Higher market volatility amplifies the negative effect of leverage on profitability, suggesting that excessive use of debt in volatile market conditions worsens financial performance.
Co-Authors Lalu Hamdani Husman Lalu Hamdani Husnan Lutfiyanti M Arya Jamsury