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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Asian Journal of Environmental Research
Oksfriani Jufri Sumampouw
Faculty of Public Health, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Environmental Health Risk Analysis of Exposure Carbon Monoxide (CO) on Traders in Manado City Self-Service Jumbo Area Daniel Y Sualang; Oksfriani Jufri Sumampouw; Ricky C Sondakh
Asian Journal of Environmental Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January-April
Publisher : CV. Science Tech Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69930/ajer.v3i1.619

Abstract

Background: Motor vehicle activity in shopping mall areas is a primary source of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, posing a potential long-term health risk for workers with sustained exposure. This study aimed to conduct an environmental health risk assessment of CO exposure for traders operating in the Jumbo Supermarket Area of Manado City. Methods: An observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted in July-August 2025. Ambient air CO concentration was measured in real-time using a CO meter at three location points, with purposive sampling of 30 traders. Respondent characteristics, including exposure parameters, were collected via questionnaire. Health risk analysis was performed by calculating the Average Daily Dose (ADD) and Risk Quotient (RQ), following the US EPA (2022) guidelines, where an RQ > 1 indicates an unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk. Results: The mean ambient CO concentration was 1,591.89 µg/m³, which is significantly below the national air quality standard (10,000 µg/m³) set by Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 02 of 2023. The risk assessment yielded average RQ values of 8.38 x 10⁻⁵ for real-time exposure and 1.23 x 10⁻⁵ for lifetime exposure. All calculated RQ values were substantially below the safety threshold of 1. Conclusion: Current CO concentrations in the study area do not exceed regulatory standards and do not pose an unacceptable non-carcinogenic health risk to traders. However, implementing periodic air quality monitoring is recommended to ensure the continued protection of worker health in this environment.
The Correlation Between Housing Density and House Ventilation Area and the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Toddlers in Tuminting Sub-District, Manado City Winiarti M. Andolo; Woodford B S. Joseph; Oksfriani Jufri Sumampouw
Asian Journal of Environmental Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January-April
Publisher : CV. Science Tech Group

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69930/ajer.v3i1.620

Abstract

Background: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain the primary cause of morbidity among children under five in Indonesia, with the domestic physical environment being a significant determinant. Surveillance data from the Tuminting Health Center (2025) indicates an exceptionally high prevalence of ARI (79.0%) in toddlers within Tuminting District, Manado City. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between residential occupancy density and house ventilation area with the incidence of ARI in toddlers in this high-prevalence region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2025. A purposive sample of 62 toddlers was enrolled. Primary data were collected via questionnaires, direct observation, and physical measurements of dwellings using a roller meter. Univariate analysis described variable characteristics, and the Fisher's Exact test was employed for bivariate analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The majority of households had non-compliant occupancy density (83.9%), while most had adequate ventilation area (91.9%). The ARI prevalence was 79.0%. Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between high occupancy density and ARI incidence (p-value = 0.004). In contrast, no significant relationship was found between ventilation area and ARI (p-value = 0.280). Conclusion: Occupancy density is the dominant environmental risk factor contributing to the high incidence of ARI in toddlers in Tuminting District. These findings underscore that public health interventions must extend beyond improving physical housing quality (e.g., ventilation) to actively address overcrowding through healthy housing policies and targeted community education.
Co-Authors Daniel Y Sualang Ricky C Sondakh Winiarti M. Andolo Woodford B S. Joseph