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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)
I Made Oka Negara
Universitas Udayana
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Penile Microvascular Damage in Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Early Sexual Dysfunction I Made Oka Negara
Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research Vol. 5 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijar.v5i5.16512

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a global health issue characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which increase the risk of vascular complications. This study aims to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and penile microvascular damage and its implications for early sexual dysfunction. A qualitative approach with a systematic literature review design was used, drawing data from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings show a strong association mediated by endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide bioavailability. These mechanisms reduce penile blood flow and trigger early erectile dysfunction as an early marker of systemic vascular disease. Early detection and intervention are essential to prevent cardiovascular complications and improve clinical outcomes.
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