Muhammad Raza
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

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A Study of Loss Weight Balance in Lightweight Self-Distilled Crowd Counting Muhammad Raza; Atta Ur Rahman; Pandula Pallewatta; Inayat Ur Rahman; Sahib Bahadar
Scientific Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): September (in Process)
Publisher : PT. Teknologi Futuristik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64539/sjer.v2i3.2026.493

Abstract

Lightweight crowd counting is important for real-time surveillance and resource-constrained deployment, where both computational efficiency and effective supervision are required. Although teacher-free self-distillation can improve lightweight density-regression models by guiding intermediate representations without an external teacher, the influence of composite loss weights in such frameworks has not been sufficiently analyzed. This paper presents a focused coefficient-wise loss-weight analysis within the Lightweight Self-Knowledge Distillation framework for single-image crowd counting. Instead of proposing a new architecture, the study investigates how the coefficients α, β, γ, and λ₂ affect optimization behavior and counting accuracy under a fixed experimental setup on ShanghaiTech Part B. Specifically, α controls intermediate feature alignment, β controls consistency supervision, γ controls direct density-regression supervision, and λ₂ controls the structural similarity term in the regression loss. The results show that moderate values of α and β improve performance by providing useful internal regularization, while excessive auxiliary weighting can slightly degrade accuracy. The analysis also indicates that γ should remain dominant because direct density-map regression is the primary learning signal. The best observed configuration is α = 6.0, β = 2.0, γ = 13.0, and λ₂ = 0.2, achieving 8.94 MAE and 11.51 RMSE on ShanghaiTech Part B. These findings highlight the importance of balanced supervision design within the evaluated LSKD framework on ShanghaiTech Part B.
NRCC-LC: Noise-Robust Crowd Counting with Dynamic Label Correction under Noisy Supervision Abubakar Abdinur Hersi; Miaogen Ling; Muhammad Raza; Abdirahman Mohamed Hassan; Idris Aweis Hussien
Scientific Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 2 No. 3 (2026): September (in Process)
Publisher : PT. Teknologi Futuristik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64539/sjer.v2i3.2026.494

Abstract

Crowd counting remains a challenge within computer vision due to many factors that affect the performance of available methods such as occlusion, scale variability, and perspective distortion. Additionally, many labels associated with crowd counting systems have high levels of noise caused by various real-world conditions. Although crowd counting methodologies have improved accuracy over recent years, the majority of crowd counting models still rely on clean real-time supervision and lack systems that can correct for dynamically corrupted labels, resulting in low robustness for crowd counting models when deployed in real-world applications. In this work we present a Noise-Robust Crowd Counting with Label Correction (NRCC-LC) framework to obtain reliable density estimates from noisy supervision. To accomplish this, our approach uses a combined CNN-Transformer architecture to capture both locally- and globally-relevant visual information (i.e., image content and context), along with a Noise-Robust Module (NRM) and a Dynamic Label Correction (DLC) mechanism. Our principle experimental results evaluated across four benchmark datasets: ShanghaiTech Part A, ShanghaiTech Part B, NWPU-Crowd, and JHU-Crowd++, indicate that the NRCC-LC exhibits competitive performance with respect to existing state-of-the-art crowd-counting methods; most notably, producing per-image MAEs of 97.8 and 392.3 on NWPU-Crowd. These experimental results additionally have real-world implications for improving public safety and urban planning; thus, through our novel method of noise-aware feature learning combined with iterative label correction, we can establish the potential of automated monitoring systems in complex, real-world environments to be significantly more reliable.