Mohamad Reza Assidhiq
Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia

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Development and Evaluation of Local Snack-Based Complementary Foods for Toddlers Aged 12–23 Months: Nutritional Adequacy, Acceptability, and Cost Feasibility Sunarto Sunarto; Estuasih Dyah Pertiwi; Dyah Nur Subandriani; Addina Rizky Fitriyanti; Zuhria Ismawanti; Arwin Muhlihsoh; Mohamad Reza Assidhiq
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v5i1.768

Abstract

Screening data from 412 toddlers in the Tlogosari Wetan Community Health Center area in 2024 revealed a 9.7% prevalence of wasting, with 45% of cases occurring in children aged 12–23 months. Furthermore, 47.5% of toddlers in local supplementary feeding programs did not consume their full portions, primarily due to limited flavor variety and poor taste acceptability. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the nutritional adequacy, sensory acceptability, and cost feasibility of local snack-based complementary foods (CF) for toddlers aged 12–23 months. A five-stage Research and Development (R&D) design was employed, encompassing preliminary research, planning, product development, expert testing, and field testing. Sensory evaluation was conducted by six expert panelists using hedonic and hedonic quality tests. Field trials involved 26 toddlers to assess acceptance using the Comstock method for food residue analysis. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Fisher’s Exact tests. Six CF menus were successfully developed, all meeting national nutritional standards, with an energy content of 229–275 kcal, protein 9–11.3 g, fat 11.2–17.2 g, and a protein-energy ratio (PER) of 13.8–16.4%. The "Finger Rice Stick & Tempe Pudding" menu achieved the highest hedonic score for texture and overall preference (p = 0.009). Toddler acceptance reached 87.2%, with intake levels ranging from 58.9% to 81.3% for energy and protein. Cost analysis indicated the products were affordable, with production costs ranging from IDR 4,330 to IDR 8,417 per menu. The developed local snack-based complementary foods are nutritionally adequate, organoleptically acceptable, and economically feasible. These findings suggest their potential for integration into community-level nutrition programs to support stunting and wasting prevention efforts
Effect of Lemuru Fish–Based Local Snacks on HAZ and DHA Levels among Stunted Toddlers: A Quasi-Experimental Study Estuasih Dyah Pertiwi; Sunarto Sunarto; Mohamad Reza Assidhiq; Arwin Muhlihsoh; Arvina Dian Wahyu Permatasari
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v5i2.1229

Abstract

Stunting among toddlers remains a persistent public health problem in low- and middle-income countries and is strongly associated with chronic undernutrition, including inadequate intake of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are essential for optimal growth and development. Lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru), a locally abundant and affordable source rich in DHA, has considerable potential as the basis for food based snacks in sustainable nutrition interventions. In this study, stunted toddlers in the intervention group received the lemuru fish–based snack daily for 12 weeks (each serving provided 31.35 mg DHA); DHA distribution was performed once weekly. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lemuru fish–based local snacks on Height-for-Age Z-score (HAZ) and DHA levels among stunted toddlers. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted involving 28 stunted toddlers, equally divided into an intervention group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 14). The intervention group received lemuru fish–based snacks during the intervention period, while the control group received no supplementation. Measurements of HAZ and DHA levels were obtained before and after the intervention. Bivariate analyses indicated greater improvements in HAZ and DHA levels in the intervention group compared with the control group. After adjustment for child and household characteristics using a general linear model (ANCOVA), the intervention was associated with significant improvements in HAZ (B = 0.247; p = 0.038) and DHA levels (B = 7.554 mg/dL; p = 0.017). These findings indicate that lemuru fish–based local snacks effectively improve linear growth and DHA status and represent a promising, locally sourced strategy for stunting prevention and management.