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All Journal Jurnal el-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi
Badai Husain Hasibuan
UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Bank Tanah dan Rekonstruksi Keadilan Agraria: Analisis Teori al-‘Adālah terhadap Jaminan Keadilan dan Kepastian hukum dalam Distribusi Tanah di Indonesia Badai Husain Hasibuan
Jurnal EL-QANUNIY: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial Vol 12, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/el-qanuniy.v12i1.17785

Abstract

Fenomena ketimpangan penguasaan dan pemanfaatan tanah di Indonesia masih menjadi problem struktural yang memerlukan terobosan kebijakan agraria. Pembentukan Bank Tanah melalui Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja diharapkan menjadi instrumen strategis untuk mewujudkan distribusi tanah yang lebih adil, efisien, dan transparan. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi Bank Tanah dalam perspektif teori al-‘Adālah (keadilan) dalam hukum Islam guna menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip keadilan substantif dan kepastian hukum. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum Islam, serta kajian terhadap praktik distribusi tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif Bank Tanah memiliki landasan yang mendukung pemerataan akses terhadap sumber daya agraria melalui penyediaan tanah untuk kepentingan sosial, reforma agraria, dan pembangunan publik. Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai kendala berupa tumpang tindih regulasi, keterbatasan mekanisme pengawasan, rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat, serta potensi politisasi dalam proses distribusi tanah. Dalam perspektif al-‘Adālah, kebijakan Bank Tanah belum sepenuhnya merealisasikan keadilan distributif karena perlindungan terhadap kelompok masyarakat rentan masih memerlukan penguatan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya rekonstruksi tata kelola Bank Tanah yang mengintegrasikan kepastian hukum, transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan prinsip keadilan sosial Islam guna mewujudkan distribusi tanah yang lebih berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan.
AKAD IJARAH MUNTAHIYAH BITTAMLIK PADA PEMBIAYAAN PROPERTI SYARIAH: ANALISIS HUKUM EKONOMI DAN FATWA DSN-MUI NO. 27/III/2002 Badai Husain Hasibuan
Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Vol 11, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24952/yurisprudentia.v11i2.17419

Abstract

This study examines the Islamic economic system with a focus on the Ijarah Muntahiyah Bittamlik (IMBT) contract as a form of financing that is widely used by Sharia Financial Institutions (LKS), especially in the property sector. This contract is a combination of the concepts of ijarah (lease rent) and tamlik (transfer of ownership) which is carried out after the lease period ends. IMBT is considered an alternative financing that is in accordance with sharia principles because it does not contain elements of riba like conventional financing. However, in practice, the implementation of this contract often raises problems, including incompatibility with the contract with the principles and terms of the contract, as well as deviations from the provisions in the DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 27/DSN-MUI/III/2002. One of the irregularities that occurred was the merger of the lease and sale and purchase contracts in one contract, which gave rise to elements of gharar and tasyabbuh with riba. This study uses a juridical normative method with three main approaches, namely the legislative approach, the conceptual approach, and the fatwa and doctrine approach. Data were obtained through literature studies and analyzed descriptively-analytically. The results of the study show that the Ijarah Muntahiyah Bittamlik contract has a legal duality, namely as a lease contract at the initial stage and a transfer of ownership contract at the end of the lease period. DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 27/DSN-MUI/III/2002 requires the separation between ijarah and tamlik contracts through promises (wa'd) that are not legally binding. However, practice in the field shows that Islamic financial institutions still combine the two contracts, and there is an imbalance of responsibility between banks and customers regarding costs and risks during the lease period. This harms the principles of justice ('adl) and balance (tawazun) in Islamic economic law. Therefore, improvements are needed in contractual aspects, regulations, and increased understanding of the essence of IMBT so that its implementation is truly in accordance with sharia principles.
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