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All Journal Journal of Health and Nutrition Research
Ali Khomsan
Nutrition Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, IPB University, Indonesia
Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Parity, Interpregnancy Interval, and Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Low Birth Weight: A Prospective Cohort in Yogyakarta Rina Oktasari; Hadi Riyadi; Ali Khomsan; Katrin Roosita; Yulin Lestari
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v5i1.873

Abstract

Low birth weight (LBW, <2,500 g) remains a critical public health problem, contributing to neonatal mortality and long-term risk of non-communicable diseases, and national estimates in Indonesia indicate a prevalence ranging from approximately 6.2% to 11.7%. Parity and interpregnancy interval (IPI) are important reproductive determinants of perinatal outcomes, and their effects may be modified by socioeconomic status (SES). This study aimed to investigate the association between parity and IPI with LBW and to assess whether SES modifies these associations in a prospective cohort of pregnant women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 120 women (poor households n=48; non-poor households n=72) were recruited purposively from community health centers and a maternity hospital/clinic. Inclusion criteria were gestational age 26–35 weeks, maternal age 20–35 years, parity 1–2, non-smoker, and provision of informed consent. Pre-pregnancy BMI was obtained through maternal recall of the last measured height and weight before conception. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s χ² tests for baseline comparisons and stratified logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of LBW was higher among women with non-optimal IPI (<24 or >60 months and primigravida) compared to those with optimal IPI (24–60 months). Multiparity showed a protective tendency against LBW, particularly among non-poor women. SES significantly modified the association between IPI and LBW (p for interaction <0.05). These findings suggest that multiparity may reduce LBW risk, whereas non-optimal IPI increases it, with SES acting as an effect modifier. Strengthening preconception counseling on birth spacing and targeted support for low-SES families are warranted
Risk factors of stunting incidence among children aged 6-23 months in fishing families in Brebes Regency Hanin Maulida Fasya; Dodik Briawan; Ali Khomsan
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v5i1.961

Abstract

Stunting remains a major public health problem, particularly in coastal communities where poverty and limited dietary diversity are prevalent. Children in fishing families are vulnerable due to low household income, inadequate food intake, and exposure to infections. This study aimed to identify and analyze the risk factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–23 months in fishing families in Brebes Regency, Central Java. A matched case-control study was conducted from April to May 2025 in three coastal villages (Kluwut, Grinting, and Pulogading), Bulakamba Subdistrict, Brebes. A total of 132 subjects were enrolled, consisting of 44 stunting cases and 88 controls matched by age. Data were collected on child, maternal, and household characteristics, dietary intake, and health status. Statistical analyses included Chi-square test and Binary Logistic Regression to determine significant risk factors (p<0.05). The results showed that children with a history of pulmonary TB had an 9.622 times higher risk of being stunted (OR = 8.120; 95% CI: 1.009–91.735; p = 0.049). Inadequate energy intake (≤89% RDA) had an 8.12 times higher risk of stunting (OR = 8.120; 95% CI: 2.552–25.839; p = 0.001). Birth length <48 cm increased the risk of stunting by 4.105 times ((OR = 4.105; 95% CI: 1.593-10.575; p = 0.003). Meanwhile, age 6-11 months showed a protective effect (OR=0.343; 95% CI: 0.135-0.869; p=0.024).
Co-Authors Dodik Briawan Hadi Riyadi Hanin Maulida Fasya Katrin Roosita Rina Oktasari Yulin Lestari