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All Journal Journal of Health and Nutrition Research
Lilik Kustiyah
Nutrition Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, IPB University, Indonesia
Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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The Association of Breakfast Consumption with Blood Glucose Levels and Short-Term Memory in Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Arfah Husna; Hardinsyah Hardinsyah; Cesilia Meti Dwiriani; Lilik Kustiyah
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v5i1.883

Abstract

Breakfast is an essential component of a healthy diet for school-aged children, yet it is often neglected. This study aimed to analyze the association between breakfast intake, blood glucose levels, and short-term memory among elementary school students in Nagan Raya Regency. This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 150 students from grades IV, V, and VI across three primary schools in Nagan Raya District with a purposive sampling technique.  Short-term memory was assessed at 08:30 a.m. using a picture recognition memory test, and blood glucose levels were measured at 09:00 a.m. using the finger-prick method. Breakfast intake was measured using the recall method.  Data on student characteristics (gender, daily allowance, and mother’s education) and nutritional status were sourced from the 2023 GENIUS program (Nutrition education and snacks program for school children). The statistical tests used were the Mann–Whitney U test and the Spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that breakfast energy intake was positively and significantly associated with blood glucose levels, and blood glucose levels were positively and significantly associated with short-term memory. Consuming a complete breakfast plays an important role in maintaining stable blood glucose levels and supporting of short-term memory among primary school students.
The Correlations of Body Image, Eating Behavior Types, and Energy and Nutrient Adequacy Level with Anemia Status in Adolescent Girls at SMAN 1 Dramaga, Bogor Regency Novi Puspita Sari; Lilik Kustiyah; Hadi Riyadi
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v5i1.932

Abstract

Anemia is a serious global public health issue with the highest prevalence in adolescent girls. This study aimed to analyze the relationships among body image, eating behaviour, and the adequacy of energy and nutrient intake with anemia status in adolescent girls. This study used a cross-sectional design with 105 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data on subject characteristics were collected using a questionnaire, body image was assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), eating behaviour using the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), nutrient adequacy level using 2 × 24 H food recall, and hemoglobin levels were measured using HemoCue 301. Data were analysed using the Spearman Rank test. The results showed that 28.6% of the subjects had anemia. Based on bivariate analysis, there was no correlation between body image and anemia status (r=-0.108, p =0.271). There was also no correlation between emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating (p>0.05) and anemia status. Similarly, energy (r= 0.133, p=0.177), vitamin B9 (r=0.169, p=0.085), and vitamin C (r=0.016, p=0.873) were not significantly correlation with anemia status. However, adequacy level of protein (r=0.288, p=0.003), iron (r= 0.194, p=0.048), and vitamin B12 (r= 0.216, p=0.027) were significantly positive correlation with anemia status. This study indicates that the majority of subjects had a negative body image, tended to display external eating behavior, and generally had insufficient nutrient intake. Therefore, nutrition education for adolescents is needed, with a focus on promoting healthy and high-quality eating habits.
Co-Authors Arfah Husna Cesilia Meti Dwiriani Hadi Riyadi Hardinsyah Hardinsyah Novi Puspita Sari