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All Journal AKSONA Journal of Neurointervention and Stroke (JNeViS)
Sita Setyowatie
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga; Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya
Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience

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Comparison of Admission ICH Score Between Primary Hypertensive and Secondary Intracerebral Hemorrhage due to Vascular Etiologies Dewi Setyaning Bastiana; Achmad Firdaus Sani; Sita Setyowatie; Jovian Philip Swatan; Atilla Özcan Özdemir
Journal of Neurointervention and Stroke Vol. 2 No. 1: MAY 2026
Publisher : Neurointervention Working Group of Indonesian Neurological Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63937/jnevis-2026.21.35

Abstract

Highlight: Primary hypertensive ICH is the most common etiology of ICH in our study Primary ICH has a higher admission ICH score than secondary ICH Elevated admission BP is associated with higher ICH severity ABSTRACT Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype associated with a high case-fatality rate despite being less prevalent than ischemic stroke. Spontaneous ICH is broadly classified into primary and secondary etiologies, yet clinical evidence remains conflicting regarding which group presents with greater initial severity. Objective: To compare admission ICH scores between primary hypertensive and secondary vascular ICH. Method: This retrospective study included adults with non-traumatic ICH who presented within 48 hours at an Indonesian stroke center. All patients underwent cross-sectional imaging and angiography; those with coagulopathy, anticoagulant use, or recurrent strokes were excluded. The primary outcome was clinical severity, dichotomized using an admission ICH score of ≥3 versus <3. Bivariate tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of high severity. Result: Of the 306 patients analyzed, 267 (87.25%) were diagnosed with primary ICH and 39 (12.75%) with secondary ICH. Secondary etiologies included ruptured arteriovenous malformations (n=21), intracranial aneurysms (n=16), and dural arteriovenous fistula (n=2). Patients with primary ICH were significantly older and exhibited higher admission blood pressure and more frequent infratentorial hematoma locations. Conversely, those in the secondary ICH group were typically younger and more likely to present with seizures or concomitant subarachnoid hemorrhage. Primary ICH was independently associated with greater clinical severity, as indicated by an admission ICH score of ≥3 (29.59% vs 7.69%; aOR 5.04, 95% CI 1.51–16.86, p=0.009). Conclusion: Primary ICH exhibits higher admission severity than secondary ICH. Prospective research is required to evaluate long-term functional outcomes.
An Analysis of Chronotype and Cognitive Function in Pre-Clinical Medical Students at Universitas Airlangga Hana Evangelin Prayogo; Wardah Rahmatul Islamiyah; Irfiansyah Irwadi; Sita Setyowatie
AKSONA Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): JANUARY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/aksona.v6i1.70271

Abstract

Highlight: The intermediate chronotype was most common among 2020-2021 medical students at Universitas Airlangga, followed by the morning type and the evening type No significant differences in TMT A, TMT B, or PVT scores were observed among the morning, intermediate, and evening chronotypes. Chronotype showed no significant relationship with cognitive outcomes, likely because medical students adapt to rigorous demands requiring sustained focus throughout the day.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronotype refers to an individual’s predisposition to engage in activities at specific times of the day. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between chronotype and cognitive function, yet the findings vary across different populations. Objective: This study aimed to identify chronotypes among medical students at Universitas Airlangga and to assess differences in cognitive function and attentional performance between these chronotypes. Methods: We selected participants using a stratified random sampling technique, focusing on cognitive function, attention, and chronotype. Those who met the inclusion criteria provided informed consent and completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to determine their chronotype. A total of 65 participants completed the questionnaire and then underwent Trail Making Tests (TMT) A and B at times tailored to their chronotypes: 08:00-10:00 for morning types, 16:00-18:00 for evening types, and 12:00-13:00 for intermediate types. The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) was uniformly administered between 08:00-10:00. Data were collected and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA. Results: Of the 65 participants, 18 were identified as morning types, 42 as intermediate types, and 5 as evening types. No significant differences were observed in TMT A or B performance (p > 0.05). Similarly, the PVT results, which assessed lapses, false starts, and average reaction time, showed no significant differences among the three chronotypes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The intermediate chronotype was the most prevalent among medical students at Universitas Airlangga, followed by morning and evening types. No significant differences were observes in TMT and PVT outcomes across the chronotypes.
Co-Authors Achmad Firdaus Sani, Achmad Firdaus Atilla Özcan Özdemir Dewi Setyaning Bastiana Hana Evangelin Prayogo Irfiansyah Irwadi Jovian Philip Swatan Wardah Rahmatul Islamiyah