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All Journal Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal (PHOSJ)
Anastacia Katungo Maluki
Doctoral Programme in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Euclid University, Banjul
Health Professions Public Health Other

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Climate change and public health in Africa: A narrative review of resilience strategies for health systems Kabiru Gulma; Sa’adatu M. Julde; Isman Wais; Emmanuel Morna; Abubakar S. Danbatta; Bakam Rodine; Anastacia Katungo Maluki
Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal (PHOSJ)
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/phosj.v2i1.719

Abstract

Background: Climate change poses an escalating threat to public health in Africa, a continent responsible for less than 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions yet disproportionately bearing the burden of its consequences. Existing health systems remain fragile, under-resourced, and ill-equipped to absorb climate-related shocks. Objectives: To synthesize evidence on the health impacts of climate change in Africa and identify strategies for building climate-resilient health systems. Methods: This study is a narrative literature review. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed databases and gray literature was conducted. Sources were screened against predefined inclusion criteria and synthesized thematically across six domains: climate science, contextual vulnerabilities, health systems strengthening, governance, community engagement, and financing. A total of 22 studies and reports were included and analyzed using thematic synthesis following Thomas and Harden’s (2008) three-step approach. Results: Climate change intensifies the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, disrupts health infrastructure, and deepens health inequities across African regions. Resilience-building requires strengthened governance, sustained domestic and international financing, multisectoral partnerships, community engagement, and climate-adaptive health information systems. Conclusions: Concerted, context-sensitive action that integrates climate adaptation into health policy frameworks is urgently needed to protect the health and well-being of African populations from the accelerating impacts of climate change. Practical implications include strengthening health system governance, mobilizing climate finance, investing in climate-adaptive surveillance systems, and fostering community engagement and multisectoral collaboration to build durable climate resilience across African health systems.
Maternal education and child stunting in Kenya: The role of socio-economic confounding using DHS 2022 data Anastacia Katungo Maluki; Zerai Hagos; Kabiru Gulma; Michael Musili Nzau
Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Public Health and Occupational Safety Journal (PHOSJ)
Publisher : CV Rezki Media

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56003/phosj.v2i1.743

Abstract

Background: Child stunting remains a major public health challenge in Kenya, reflecting long‑term nutritional deprivation and socioeconomic inequalities. Although maternal education is widely considered protective, its independent effect is often unclear due to confounding by structural factors. Objectives: To examine the association between maternal education and child stunting among children under five in Kenya and to assess the extent of confounding and effect modification by key sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross‑sectional analytical study was conducted using data from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). The sample included 19,530 children aged 0–59 months. Stunting was defined using height‑for‑age z-scores (<-2 SD). Descriptive, bivariate, stratified, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, accounting for the complex survey design. Results: Stunting prevalence was 18.2%. Stunting decreased with increasing maternal education, from 21.4–21.7% among children of mothers with no or primary education to 8.7% among those with higher education (χ² = 238, p < 0.001). However, the association was weak (Cramer’s V = 0.117) and attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Household wealth was the strongest predictor, with children in the richest households having significantly lower odds of stunting than those in the poorest households (AOR = 0.268; 95% CI: 0.222–0.323; p < 0.001). Stunting risk increased with age, particularly among children aged 6–23 months, while females had lower odds than males (OR = 0.717; 95% CI: 0.662–0.776). Stratified analyses showed stronger protective effects of maternal education among older children. In contrast, variation across wealth groups should be interpreted cautiously, given inconsistent and non-significant findings in some strata. No meaningful effect modification by child sex was identified. Conclusions: Child stunting in Kenya is primarily driven by structural socioeconomic factors. While maternal education is associated with reduced stunting, its effect is highly context dependent. Addressing poverty and inequality is essential for effective and equitable reductions in child stunting.
Co-Authors Abubakar S. Danbatta Bakam Rodine Emmanuel Morna Isman Wais Kabiru Gulma Kabiru Gulma Michael Musili Nzau Sa’adatu M. Julde Zerai Hagos