Joyce Jacinta Rares
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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The Policy of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in Handling the Status of Citizens of Indonesian Descent in the Southern Philippines Michael Mamentu; Joyce Jacinta Rares
Publik : (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) Vol 14, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31314/pjia.14.2.523-534.2025

Abstract

The migration of the Sangihe and Talaud Islands people to the Southern Philippines, which has been ongoing since the 17th century, has created a large diaspora phenomenon now estimated to exceed 10,000 people. The main problem faced by this community is statelessness, where they are categorized as undocumented citizens vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation, and limited access to basic services. This article aims to analyze the policies of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in handling the legal status of these descendants. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with key informants from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, and Indonesian representatives in the Philippines (the Indonesian Embassy in Manila and the Indonesian Consulate General in Davao). The results show that in the organizational dimension, the government has established a cross-sectoral institutional structure and bilateral cooperation through the Joint Commission for Bilateral Cooperation (JCBC) forum and collaboration with the UNHCR. In the interpretation dimension, the government translates citizen protection policies through the registration process, genealogical verification, and technical identification of Persons of Indonesian Descent (PIDs) in the field. In the application dimension, concrete steps were implemented through the issuance of Indonesian passports to thousands of verified citizens and the diplomatic granting of special non-immigrant visas. This study concludes that this policy is a manifestation of the state's presence in protecting the human rights of diaspora in border regions.
Implementation of The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program Policy, in North Sulawesi Joyce Jacinta Rares; Michael Mamentu; Emma Valentina Theresia Senewe
Publik : (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) Vol 14, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31314/pjia.14.2.%p.2025

Abstract

The Free Nutritious Meal Program/Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) is a national priority policy under President Prabowo Subianto, aimed at addressing stunting, malnutrition, and inequality in access to healthy food. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the MBG policy in North Sulawesi Province in 2025, identify field constraints, and evaluate the effectiveness of program distribution. Theoretically, this study uses Merilee S. Grindle's policy implementation model, which emphasizes two main dimensions: policy content and implementation context. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through field observations at Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (SPPG), documentation, and in-depth interviews with eight key informants, including representatives from the ministry, SPPG heads, and beneficiary school principals. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The results indicate that the implementation of the MBG Program in North Sulawesi has not fully aligned with the policy's ideal objectives. Until 2025, the program's implementation will only reach students (kindergarten through high school), while the most vulnerable groups, such as toddlers, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers, have not received services. Yet, interventions during the first 1,000 days of life are crucial for significantly reducing stunting rates. Geographically, program distribution remains concentrated in urban areas with easy access, while the Disadvantaged, Frontier, and Outermost (3T) regions and island regions such as Talaud, Sangihe, and Sitaro have not been reached optimally.