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All Journal Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik
Maria Hera Agathea Manik
Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Peran Korban dalam Tindak Pidana Penipuan Transaksi Elektronik: Perspektif Cyber Victimology Maria Hera Agathea Manik; Andita Amelia; Akilah Putri Ibrahim; Muhammad Arsya Zaky; Fathia Aisya Zahra
Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik | E-ISSN : 3031-8882 Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Januari-Februari
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62379/jkhkp.v3i2.1901

Abstract

The rapid growth of electronic transactions in Indonesia has driven a significant rise in digital fraud crimes employing social engineering methods that systematically exploit the psychological state of victims. As illustrated in the case of a victim identified by the initials AF, the perpetrator utilized emotional manipulation, false identity, and early-morning time pressure to undermine the victim’s critical thinking capacity, ultimately resulting in financial loss through a QRIS transfer. Existing legal scholarship has thus far failed to adequately explain the dynamics of the victim’s role in the cyber victimization process, as it remains dominated by a normative approach that positions the victim as a passive party. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of victims in electronic transaction fraud through the lens of cyber victimology, as well as to examine the extent to which Indonesia’s criminal law framework accommodates the psychological and behavioral dimensions of victims. This study employs a normative juridical methodology with conceptual and case-based approaches, supported by empirical interview data from victims, analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner by integrating Routine Activity Theory, Lifestyle-Exposure Theory, and the concept of victim precipitation as adapted to the context of cybercrime. The findings indicate that victims of electronic transaction fraud are not entirely passive; rather, they play an indirect role shaped by emotional conditions, limited time for verification, and systematic psychological exploitation by the perpetrator, which can be subsumed under Article 492 of the Criminal Code and Article 28 paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 45A paragraph (1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). This study contributes to filling the conceptual gap between criminal law scholarship and cyber victimology in Indonesia, while also recommending the strengthening of victim protection mechanisms that consider psychological vulnerability as a relevant factor in cybercrime prevention policy.
Penerapan Verzet terhadap Putusan Verstek dalam Praktik Peradilan Perdata Maria Hera Agathea Manik; Andita Amelia; Anggi Sri Haryati Simarmata
Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik | E-ISSN : 3031-8882 Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Januari-Februari
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62379/3x9jns20

Abstract

This study examines the legal framework and implementation of verzet as a legal remedy against verstek decisions in civil procedural law. The main issues addressed are the regulation of verzet, its procedural mechanism, and its legal consequences in judicial practice. The research aims to analyze the application of verzet and evaluate its effectiveness in ensuring fairness and legal certainty. This research uses a normative juridical method with statute and conceptual approaches, relying on secondary data obtained through library research, including legal literature, legislation, and court decisions. The results indicate that verzet serves as an essential legal instrument to protect the rights of defendants who were absent during trial. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as lack of legal awareness, improper summons procedures, short filing deadlines, and inconsistent judicial interpretations. These issues affect legal certainty, justice, and judicial efficiency. Therefore, improvements are needed through better public legal education, proper procedural enforcement, and consistent judicial application to optimize the function of verzet in civil justice.  
Co-Authors Akilah Putri Ibrahim Andita Amelia Anggi Sri Haryati Simarmata Fathia Aisya Zahra Muhammad Arsya Zaky